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Chapter 5
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Natural selection acts on individual __________, not on individual genes.
phenotypes
karyotypes
genotypes
whole chromosomes
whole communities
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The total genetic makeup of a population is the
genotype.
gene pool.
phenotype.
karyotype.
RNA pool.
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The study of the genetic events that occur in a gene pool is
geneology.
molecular biology.
population genetics.
phenology.
molecular genetics.
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
One of the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem is that
the size of the population is small.
gene frequencies change by chance alone.
migration into and out of the population occurs regularly.
mating within the population is random.
mutations occur regularly.
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
One of the assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg theorem is that
mating within the population is nonrandom.
the size of the population is small.
gene frequencies change by chance alone.
migration into and out of the population occurs regularly.
mutations must not occur or a mutational equilibrium must exist.
6. A group of interbreeding individuals of the same species living in the same time and
space that may share genes is a/an
A) population.
B) ecosystem.
C) community.
D) biome.
E) ecotone.
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7. The work of Peter R. Grant on morphological changes in the bills of Galápagos finches
shows that evolution can be
A) convergent.
B) rapid.
C) divergent.
D) gradual.
E) sympatric.
8. Assuming the conditions set by Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, if the frequency of
phenotype A is 96%, the frequency of A in the next generation would be
A) 8%.
B) 16%.
C) 96%.
D) 48%.
E) Hardy-Weinberg theory cannot predict the frequency of a phenotype, only a genotype.
9.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
When the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is achieved, evolution
occurs slowly and at a constant rate.
occurs rapidly and at a constant rate.
occurs in “bursts.”
does not occur.
alternates between a constant rate and “bursts,” but never ceases.
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
The elephant seal and the cheetah are often cited as excellent examples of
the founder effect.
genetic bottlenecks
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
directional selection.
allopatric selection.
11. When natural selection favors certain phenotypes in a population, the population is
responding to:
A) selection pressure.
B) peer pressure.
C) teleology.
D) equilibrium pressure.
E) genetic drift.
12. __________ selection may occur when a phenotype at one extreme of a distribution is at
a disadvantage.
A) Deleterious
B) Directional
C) Disruptive
D) Discretional
E) Stabilizing
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13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
An excellent example of directional selection is
aposematic coloration.
Mullerian mimicry.
change in the coloration of the peppered moth during the Industrial Revolution.
cryptic coloration.
that Limulus has remained relatively unchanged over millions of years.
14. When individuals of an intermediate phenotype are at a relative disadvantage within the
population, __________ selection is occurring.
A) directional
B) deleterious
C) stabilizing
D) disruptive
E) discretionary
15. A form of natural selection that occurs when both phenotypic extremes are selected
against is __________ selection.
A) directional
B) deleterious
C) discretionary
D) disruptive
E) stabilizing
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
An excellent example of stabilizing selection is the external body form of a:
horseshoe crab.
dendrobatid frog.
peppered moth.
Viceroy butterfly.
Monarch butterfly.
17. When chance events influence the frequency of alleles within a population, __________
has occurred.
A) preadaptation
B) genetic drift
C) adaptation
D) adaptive radiation
E) genetic radiation
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Genetic drift is most likely to have noticeable effects in:
large populations where migration occurs regularly.
small populations where migration occurs regularly.
large populations where mutation occurs regularly.
small, isolated populations.
small populations where mutation and migration occur regularly.
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19. A form of genetic drift called the __________ effect occurs when a few individuals that
do not carry a representative sample of the gene pool of the parent population colonize a
new habitat.
A) unidirectional selection
B) population bottleneck
C) neutral allele
D) disruptive selection
E) founder effects
20. Vertebrate hemoglobin and myoglobin are thought to have arisen from a common
ancestral molecule due to __________ and subsequent modification.
A) gene duplication
B) multiple replication of DNA
C) crossing over
D) aneuploidy
E) multiple transcription of mRNA
21. When numbers of individuals in a population are drastically reduced, but later greatly
expand, a form of genetic drift called the __________ effect occurs.
A) bottleneck
B) neutral
C) disruptive
D) founder
E) reduction
22. When migration into or out of a population occurs, changes in gene frequency occur. A
descriptive term for this process is
A) genetic drift.
B) gene flow.
C) gene migration.
D) genetic disruption.
E) positive selection.
23.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Evolution in __________ populations of animals is believed to occur extremely rarely.
sympatric
parapatric
allopatric
small
reproductively isolated
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24. __________ occurs in a single species when two or more distinct body forms exist
without a range of phenotypes between them.
A) Anthropomorphism
B) Phenotypic multiplicity
C) Genetic drift
D) Stable polymorphism
E) Form selection
25. In a human population carrying the gene for sickle-cell anemia, and exposed to malaria,
several genotypes persist in a
A) sex-linked trait.
B) genetic drift.
C) disruptive selection.
D) the bottleneck effect.
E) balanced polymorphism.
26. The biological definition of a __________ is a group of populations in which genes are
actually, or potentially, exchanged through interbreeding.
A) species
B) cohort
C) cline
D) subspecies
E) community
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
A requirement for speciation is that subpopulations
continue to interact with one another.
become reproductively isolated from one another.
undergo clining.
never experience mutations.
exhibit balanced polymorphism.
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Geographic isolation can lead to speciation, and when it does, the speciation is called
allelopathic.
parapatric.
allopatric.
parapathetic.
sympatric.
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Parapatric speciation may occur among small, local populations called
demes.
clines.
cohorts.
communities.
pools.
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30. Darwin perceived evolutionary change as occurring gradually over millions of years;
this has been the traditional interpretation of the pace of evolution and is referred to as
A) punctuated equilibrium.
B) gradualistic equilibrium.
C) phyletic gradualism.
D) phyletic punctuation.
E) the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
31. In the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution, periods of stasis are characterized by
__________ selection.
A) directional
B) disruptive
C) deleterious
D) stabilizing
E) neutral
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
In the punctuated equilibrium model of evolution, periods of evolution are:
long, with gradual change
long, with rapid change
long, with fluctuating change
short, with slow change
short, with rapid change
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