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Name _______________________________
Robinson
Date_________________
Biology I - Unit 5 OUTLINE
Biology I
4. Analyze and explain the structures and function of the levels of biological organization.
a. Differentiate among plant and animal cells and eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. (DOK 2)
• Functions of all major cell organelles and structures (e.g., nucleus, mitochondrion, rough ER, smooth
ER, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, vacuoles, microtubules, microfiliaments,
chloroplast, cytoskeleton, centrioles, nucleolus, chromosomes, nuclear membrane, cell wall, cell
membrane [active and passive transport], cytosol)
• Components of mobility (e.g., cilia, flagella, pseudopodia)
c. Describe and differentiate among the organizational levels of organisms (e.g., cells, tissues, organs,
systems, types of tissues.) (DOK 1)
d. Explain and describe how plant structures (vascular and nonvascular) and cellular functions are related to
the survival of plants (e.g., movement of materials, plant reproduction). (DOK 1)
2. Describe the biochemical basis of life and explain how energy flows within and between the living systems.
e. Examine the life processes to conclude the role enzymes play in regulating biochemical reactions. (DOK 2)
• Enzyme structure & function, including enzyme-substrate specificity and factors that effect enzyme
function (pH and temperature)
f. Describe the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in making energy available to cells. ATP structure & function
g. Analyze and explain the biochemical process of photosynthesis and cellular respiration and draw
conclusions about the roles of the reactant and products in each. (DOK 3)
• Photosynthesis and respiration (reactants and products)
• Light-dependent reactions and light independent reactions in photosynthesis, including requirements
and products of each
• Aerobic & anaerobic processes in cellular respiration, including products each & energy differences
Obj 4A
12. Which of these types of cells does not have a nuclear membrane? (DOK 2)
A. Mushroom
B. Oak leaf
C. Beef liver
D. Bacillus bacteria
13. All true cells have…(DOK 1)
A. a cell membrane.
B. cytoplasm.
C. the ability to reproduce.
D. all the above.
14. Endoplasmic reticulum is to road as mitochondrion is to --- (DOK 2)
A. control center. B. generator.
C. storage tank.
D. toll gate.
15. Photosynthesis is to chloroplasts as cellular respiration is to (DOK 2)
A. chloroplasts. B. cytoplasm.
C. mitochondria.
D. nuclei.
16. Below, describe why animals do not need a large vacuole in their cells? In other words, why can they get by with
several small vacuoles? (DOK3).
17. Compare and contrast cilia and flagella (DOK 3)
Cilia
Differences
Flagella
Similarities
Differences
18. Compare and contrast prokaryotes and Eukaryotes (DOK 3)
Prokaryotes
Differences
Eukaryotes
Similarities
Differences
19. A. On the back of this sheet draw an ACCURATE diagram for a prokaryotic cell, an animal cell,
and a plant cell.
B. Label each organelle or other major structure in the cell (including the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell
membrane, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vacuole).
C. A living cell has certain characteristics in common with a working factory. Next to each label,
identify the role of that organelle by comparing it that part to…. Write your answer in the ON THE
BACK of this sheet.
In a factory…
 products are assembled according to specified plans,
 energy is used in the assembly process,
 products are packaged and taken out of the factory,
 a main office where supervisor keeps the plans and oversees activities,
 an assembly line, an electricity generator,
 a packaging center, and
 the factory doors
 a supervisor directs and oversees all of the activities occurring in the factory.
20. As you should have noticed above, organelles can be viewed as “parts of a system.” How are the organs of
a multi-cellular organism like the organelles of a single cell? Write your answer in the space below.
21. Use the table below to explain happens to a cell’s size when a cell is placed in a hypotonic, isotonic, or
hypertonic solution. Also explain why. (DOK 3)
Type of
What happens
Why it happens
solution
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Hypertonic
22. What simple test could be done to find out if an unknown solution is hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic.
23. Calculate the ratio of surface area to volume for cells with the following cell sizes. (DOK1-2)
Volume = size cubed
SA to Vol ratio = SA / Vol.
Size Surface Area = (size squared) x 6
1
2
3
24. How does the size of a cell influence (cause-effect) the cell membrane’s ability to meet the cell’s demands
with osmosis/diffusion? (DOK 3)
25. Describe one example of a concentration gradient that was observed when performing the “celeryhypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic solution experiment” that we performed in lab. (DOK 2)
26. How did the process of diffusion reduce or eliminate the concentration gradient? (DOK 3)
27. When does the net effect of diffusion stop and why? (DOK 3)
28. What is the purpose of diffusion and osmosis play a key role in the function of the cell membrane? In your
answer, explain what would happen if the cell membrane did not perform this role. (When answering THIS
QUESTION, do not describe WHAT the cell membrane does, instead explain WHY it does it?
29. The sequence “General Motors, Chevrolet, sports cars, Camero, motor” best relates to which of the following?
(DOK 3) A. Cycles in Nature B. Nature of Science C. Levels of Organization D. Unity within Diversity
30-32. What are the 3 parts of the “Cell theory?” (DOK 1)
i.
ii.
iii.
33 & 34. Construct a “parts of whole” thinking map that illustrates the relationship between the structural levels
of organization. For the levels that display an “*”, provide an example for the level in parenthesis. (DOK 3)
(Atom*, Cell*, Community, Compound*, Ecosystem* (Biome), Galaxy*, Galaxy Clusters, Organ*, Organ
System*, Organelle*, Organism*, Planet Earth (Biosphere), Population*, Solar Systems, Sub-Atomic
Particles*, Tissue*, Universe)
35. Create an analogous example to the structural levels of organization by breaking down a school into its subcomponents (to obtain full credit for this question, you must list at least 5 levels). (DOK 3)
36. Most plants appear green because chlorophyll (DOK 2)
A. reflects green light. B. reflects violet light. C. absorbs green light.
D. none of the above.
37. Explain WHY a plant cell must have the chloroplast and a large vacuole (DOK 3)
38. What structure below is found in both plants and animal cells? (DOK 1)
A. chloroplast
B. mitochondria
C. a large vacuole
D. a cell wall
39. The process of photosynthesis occurs in which of the following plant structures? (DOK 1)
B. chloroplast
B. mitochondria
C. stomata
D. a large vacuole
E. cell wall
Obj 2E (DOK 2) _____________
40. Summarize the process of enzyme activity? Include the roles of the enzyme, catalyst, binding site,
and active site and also differentiate between the substrate and product. (DOK 2)
41. In class we compared the role enzymes play in a reaction to the role a “match maker” may play
when introducing two people that are interested in each other. Justify this analogy. (DOK 3)
Obj 2F (DOK 1) ____________
42. What does “ATP” and “ADP” stand for and how do the two differ? (DOK 2)
43. Summarize the activities of ADP-ATP cycle and explain how this process plays a role in storing
and releasing energy for cellular activities? You may write out your answer or use an illustration.
Obj 2G (DOK 3) _____________
44. Write out the equations for photosynthesis and explain the role energy has in this equation. Justify the
purpose of this reaction. (Why does this occur?) (DOK 3)
45. Write out the equation for cellular respiration and explain the role energy has in this equation. In your
answer, justify the purpose of this reaction (explain why it occurs). (DOK3)
46. Describe the importance of the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. (How are they
interdependent upon each other?). (DOK 3)
47. What would happen if one of these processes no longer occurred? (DOK 3)
48. How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis almost opposite processes? (DOK 2)
A. Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores energy.
B. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, & cellular respiration puts it back.
C. Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, & cellular respiration puts it back.
D. all of the above
49. Breathing heavily after running a race is your body’s way of (DOK 2)
A. making more citric acid.
B. repaying an oxygen debt.
C. restarting glycolysis.
D. recharging the electron transport chain.
50. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in (DOK 1)
A. bread dough.
B. any environment containing oxygen.
C. muscle cells. D. mitochondria.