Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Physical Geography Looking at the Earth Geography involves the study of places: their locations, their characteristics, and how humans use and move around them. Satellite image of Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia. NEXT Physical Geography Looking at the Earth SECTION 1 The Five Themes of Geography SECTION 2 The Geographer’s Tools NEXT Section 1 The Five Themes of Geography • Geographers view the world in terms of the use of space. • Geographers study the world by looking at location, place, region, movement, and human-environment interaction. NEXT SECTION 1 The Five Themes of Geography The Geographer’s Perspective Geographers and Historians • Historians look at events over time • Geographers look at: - use of space on Earth - interactions that take place there - patterns and connections between people and land • Geography is the study of the distribution and interaction of Earth’s physical and human features Continued . . . NEXT SECTION 1 continued The Geographer’s Perspective Methods of Geography • Geographers use a variety of tools: - maps - photographs - charts, graphs, tables - scale models - five themes of geography Image NEXT SECTION 1 Theme: Location Where is it? • Absolute location—exact place where a geographic feature is found - Example: Atlanta is located at 32*N, 48*W • Relative location—location of a place compared to places around it - Example: Atlanta is 540 miles north of Panama City Beach Continued . . . NEXT Section 2 The Geographer’s Tools • Geographers use two- and three-dimensional tools to learn about the earth. • Geographers use computer-assisted technology to study the use of the earth’s surface. NEXT SECTION 1 continued Theme: Location Latitude Lines • Geographers use latitude lines to locate places north and south • Latitude — imaginary lines that run parallel to the equator • Tropic of Cancer – 23.5* N, represents the furthest point the northern hemisphere tilts towards the sun • Tropic of Capricorn – 23.5* S, southern version Map Map Longitude Lines • Geographers use longitude lines to mark positions east and west • Longitude — imaginary lines that go over the poles • Where latitude and longitude lines cross is the absolute location Continued . . . NEXT SECTION 1 continued Theme: Location Absolute Location • Earth is divided into two equal halves, vertically and horizontally • Each vertical and horizontal half is called a hemisphere • An imaginary line, the Equator, divides north and south halves • Another imaginary line, the Prime Meridian, divides east and west Map Continued . . . NEXT Time Zones There are 24 time zones in the world. You enter into a new time zone every 15* Longitude. As you move West, you “lose” an hour every new time zone. This is true until you reach the international dateline, at which point you actually gain 24 hours The idea behind this is to make it Noon when the sun is at its peak no matter where you are in the world. SECTION 1 Important Lines of the World NEXT SECTION 2 continued Maps and Globes Two or Three Dimensions • Globe—a three-dimensional representation (a sphere) of Earth • Map projection—way of showing Earth’s 3-D surface on a 2-D surface Interactive Continued . . . NEXT SECTION 1 Theme: Place What is it Like? • Place includes physical features and cultural characteristics: - physical features include climate, landforms, vegetation - cultural characteristics include dams, highways, houses Image NEXT SECTION 1 Theme: Region How are Places Similar or Different? • A region is an area united by similar characteristics • Unifying characteristics—physical, political, economic, cultural • Three types of regions: - formal - functional - perceptual Continued . . . NEXT SECTION 1 continued Theme: Region Formal Regions • have a limited number of related characteristics (has official boundaries) • Formal regions of the world: - Continents - States - Countries - Cities Continued . . . NEXT SECTION 1 continued Theme: Region Functional Regions • Organized around interactions and connections between places • Example: a city and its suburbs (metropolitan area) are connected through human movement Perceptual Regions • Region with characteristics people perceive in much the same way • Example: “the South” NEXT SECTION 1 Theme: Human-Environment Interaction How Do People Relate to the Physical World? • A relationship exists between people and their environment • People use and change the environment to meet their needs • People adapt to environmental conditions they cannot change • Often, people in similar environments adapt in different ways • Examples include building roads, bridges, or dams Image NEXT SECTION 1 Theme: Movement How Do People, Goods, and Ideas Get from One Place to Another? Image • Geographers use three types of distance to analyze movement: - linear distance - time distance - psychological distance Linear Distance and Time Distance • Linear distance—how far a person, product, or idea travels • Time distance—how long it takes for person, product, idea to travel Continued . . . NEXT SECTION 1 continued Theme: Movement Psychological Distance • Refers to the way people perceive distance • Example: unfamiliar places may seem farther away than familiar ones NEXT