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What is Geography? • Geo - geo= land • Graphy= study/ chart • The study of the Earth, including land, places, and people • The study of geography led to the creation of maps Location • Location is a particular place or position. Location can be absolute or it can be relative. • Absolute: is precise, more exact • Relative: gives only a general idea of where something is located Location Examples • Coordinates, street addresses, cities – (40 N, 74W; 100 Main Street, Trenton, NJ; Oahu, Hawaii; Phoenix, Arizona) • Alpine is West of Norwood; Hawaii is an island in the Pacific Ocean Place • A Place has describing characteristics that define a location. These characteristics can be physical or human. • Physical: features that naturally occur on the Earth. This also includes animal and plant life • Human: features that are man-made, such as architecture, or elements of culture Place Examples • Physical: rivers, beaches, mountains, waterfalls, caves, etc. • Human: Eiffel Tower, a straw hut, Stonehenge, your home, etc. Human-Environment Interaction • Involves how people use, adapt, or modify their environment. This can have positive or negative effects • Adapt vs. Modify: – Adapt- when you change yourself to fit your environment – Modify- when you change your environment to fit you Examples • Adapt- wearing shorts & a t-shirt in hot weather • Modify- using irrigation systems to water crops in areas of dry land/ no rain • Positive- fertilizing crops to feed more people • Negative- polluting clean air and water sources Movement • When people, ideas, goods, fads, etc. are brought from one place to another or are exchanged between places Movement Examples • One Direction first became popular in Britain, then in the US • Internet began in California and is now used globally Regions • A group of places with at least one common characteristic. Regions can be formal or vernacular • Formal: Officially marked boundaries- can be for continents, countries, towns, cities, etc. • Vernacular: No official boundary lines, but instead are understood, or are “perceived” Region Examples • Formal : New York City, the USA, Europe • Vernacular: “The South” or “the Middle East” • In your notes: – Think About It: Which theme do you think is most important? Why? Explain. Types of Maps Political Maps • A political map shows boundaries • Examples: countries, states, counties, etc. Physical Map • A visual representation of an area, usually includes landmarks, cities, major highways, bodies of water, etc. Economic Map • An economic map can show industry, agriculture, or where wealth or poverty are located Topography Map • A topographic map shows elevations or high and low altitudes found in a country or region • Examples- mountains, cliffs, valleys Climate Map • A climate map shows temperatures and climates found within a country or region