Download Client/Server Networks

SECTION 10
NETWORKS AND
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
/e-Biz Applications
LEARNING OUTCOMES
1. Compare LANs, WANs, and MANs
2. List and describe the four components
that differentiate networks
3. Compare the two types of network
architectures
LEARNING OUTCOMES
4. Explain topology and the different
types found in networks
5. Describe TCP/IP along with its primary
purpose
6. Identify the different media types found
in networks
NETWORK BASICS
• Telecommunication system - enable the
transmission of data over public or private
networks
• Network - a communications, data
exchange, and resource-sharing system
created by linking two or more computers
and establishing standards, or protocols, so
that they can work together
NETWORK BASICS
• The three types of networks include:
– Local area network (LAN)
– Metropolitan area network (MAN)
– Wide area network (WAN)
NETWORK BASICS
NETWORK BASICS
• Networks are differentiated by the following:
– Architecture - peer-to-peer, client/server
– Topology - bus, star, ring, hybrid, wireless
– Protocols - Ethernet, Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
– Media - coaxial, twisted-pair, fiber-optic
ARCHITECTURE
• There are two primary types of
architectures
– Peer-to-peer (P2P) network
– Client/server network
Peer-to-Peer Networks
• Peer-to-peer (P2P)
network - any
network without a
central file server
and in which all
computers in the
network have
access to the public
files located on all
other workstations
Client/Server Networks
• Client - a computer that is designed to
request information from a server
• Server - a computer that is dedicated to
providing information in response to external
requests
– Client/server network - model for applications
in which the bulk of the back-end processing
takes place on a server, while the front-end
processing is handled by the clients
Client/Server Networks
• Network operating system (NOS) - the operating system
that runs a network, steering information between
computers and managing security and users
• Packet-switching - occurs when the sending computer
divides a message into a number of efficiently sized units
called packets, each of which contains the address of the
destination computer
• Router - an intelligent connecting device that examines
each packet of data it receives and then decides which way
to send it onward toward its destination
Client/Server Networks
• Client/Server network
Client/Server Networks
• Worldwide router growth
Various Portable Computers
• Portable computer (iPad, Galaxy Tap…etc)
• Although its fancy appearance, still has some
limitations.
TOPOLOGY
• Network topology - refers to the
geometric arrangement of the actual
physical organization of the computers
and other network devices) in a network
– Bus
– Star
– Ring
– Hybrid
– Wireless
TOPOLOGY
PROTOCOLS
• Protocol - a standard that specifies the
format of data as well as the rules to be
followed during transmission
• Interoperability - the capability of two or
more computer systems to share data and
resources, even though they are made by
different manufacturers
Ethernet
• Ethernet - a physical and data layer
technology for LAN networking
Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol
• Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) - provides the technical
foundation for the public Internet as well as
for large numbers of private network
Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol
• TCP/IP applications
– File transfer protocol (FTP)
– Simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP)
– Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
– Simple network management Protocol
(SNMP)
Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol
Voice over IP (VoIP)
• Voice over IP (VoIP) - uses TCP/IP
technology to transmit voice calls over
long-distance telephone lines
MEDIA
• Network transmission media - refers to
the various types of media used to carry
the signal between computers
– Wire media (guided)
– Wireless media (unguided)
Wire Media
•
Wire media - transmission material
manufactured so that signals will be
confined to a narrow path and will behave
predictably
•
Three most commonly used types include:
1. Twisted-pair wiring
2. Coaxial cable
3. Fiber optic (or optical fiber)
Wire Media
Wireless Media
• Wireless media - natural parts of the
Earth’s environment that can be used as
physical paths to carry electrical signals
E-BUSINESS NETWORKS
E-BUSINESS NETWORKS
• Virtual private network (VPN) - a way to use the public
telecommunication infrastructure (e.g., Internet) to provide
secure access to an organization’s network
• Valued-added network (VAN) - a private network, provided
by a third party, for exchanging information through a high
capacity connection
OPENING CASE QUESTIONS
The Digital Hospital
1.
Explain how hospitals are using telecommunication and
network technologies to improve their operations
2.
Describe the two different types of network architectures
and identify which one Hackensack University Medical
Center is using
3.
Explain TCP/IP and the role it plays in Hackensack
University Medical Center’s IT projects
4.
Identify a new telecommunication or network product that
Hackensack University Medical Center could use to
improve its operations
WIRELESS
COMPUTING
/ Applications
LEARNING OUTCOMES
7. Explain how a wireless device helps an
organization conduct business anytime,
anywhere, anyplace
8. Describe RFID and how it can be used to help
make a supply chain more effective
9. List and discuss the key factors inspiring the
growth of wireless technologies
10. Describe the business benefits associated
with a mobile enterprise
WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI)
• Wireless fidelity (wi-fi) – a means of linking
computers using infrared or radio signals
• Common examples of wireless devices include:
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Cellular phones and pagers
Global positioning systems (GPS)
Cordless computer peripherals
Home-entertainment-system control boxes
Two-way radios
Satellite television
WIRELESS FIDELITY (WI-FI)
• Disruptive wireless technologies
– WiMax wireless broadband
– Radio frequency identification tags (RFID)
– Micro hard drives
– Apple’s G5 and AMD’s Athlon 64 processors
The Value of Timely Information
• Timeliness is an aspect of information that
depends on the situation
– Real-time information – immediate, up-todate information
– Real-time system – provides real-time
information in response to query requests
The Value of Timely Information
• Real-time systems help organizations
make faster and more effective decisions
BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
• Mobile and wireless are often used
synonymously, but actually denote two
different technologies
– Mobile technology - means the technology can
travel with the user, but it is not necessarily in
real-time
– Wireless technology - gives users a live (Internet)
connection via satellite or radio transmitters
BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
• Drivers of wireless technology growth
include:
– Universal access to information and
applications
– The automation of business processes
– User convenience, timeliness, and ability to
conduct business 24x7
BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES
• Wireless devices changing business
include:
– Wireless local area network (wLAN)
– Cellular phones and pagers
– Cordless computer peripherals
– Satellite television
– WiMax wireless broadband
– Security sensor
ADVANTAGES OF ENTERPRISE
MOBILITY
Bluetooth
• Bluetooth – an
omnidirectional wireless
technology that provides
limited-range voice and
data transmission over the
unlicensed 2.4-GHz
frequency band, allowing
connections with a wide
variety of fixed and portable
devices that normally would
have to be cabled together
Radio Frequency Identification
• Radio frequency identification (RFID) - use
active or passive tags in the form of chips or
smart labels that can store unique identifiers
and relay this information to electronic readers
• RFID tag - contains a microchip and an antenna,
and typically work by transmitting a serial
number via radio waves to an electronic reader,
which confirms the identity of a person or object
bearing the tag
RFID
RFID
Satellite
• Microware transmitter – commonly used to
transmit network signals over great distances
Global Positioning System
• Global positioning system (GPS) – a device
that determines current latitude, longitude,
speed, and direction of movement
– Market for GPS services is at $5 billion with
expectations for the demand to double over the next
five years
• Geographic information system (GIS) –
designed to work with information that can be
shown on a map
THE FUTURE OF WIRELESS
OPENING CASE QUESTIONS
The Digital Hospital
•
Why is real-time information important to
hospitals?
•
How is Hackensack University Medical Center
using wireless technology to improve its
operations?
•
Identify three wireless technologies that are
changing the way businesses operate and
explain how hospitals can use these
technologies to improve their operations
CLOSING CASE ONE
Tracking Students
1. Explain the fundamentals of RFID and
how it is being used to track students
2. Describe the ethical dilemmas involved
with tracking students with RFID
3. Identify two types of wireless business
opportunities schools could take
advantage of to help improve operations
CLOSING CASE ONE
Tracking Students
4. How could RFID help schools deal with
potential security issues?
5. Develop a Bluetooth, GPS, or satellite
product that schools could use to
improve operations
6. Determine a way that schools could use
RFID tags without violating privacy rights
E-Biz Application
e-Catalog
Contents are important
• “What is the most significant issue in
maintaining your website?”
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43% -- Generating content
17% -- Retaining website staff
16% -- Meeting management goals
14% -- Keeping the site up
10% -- Maintaining site performance
-- E-Commerce Enabler Software; Rapid Growth and Faster
Change, Tucker Anthony Cleary Gull
E-Catalog Approaches
• PDF version of print
catalog
• Hand-crafted Web
pages
• E-catalog software
• Internally developed
system
PDF Catalogs
• Unsuitable for browsing
online
• Opaque to search engines
• No linking, especially
across documents
• No integration with
shopping carts
• No personalization
• Resellers can’t reuse
• Limited update frequency
Hand-Crafted Web Pages
• Time-consuming to
develop and change
• Typically limited in
depth and breadth
• Out of synch with print
catalogs
• Broken links
• No personalization
• Manual reuse
E-Catalog Software
• Moderate integration
• Lots of “data scrubbing”
• Limited descriptive info
– just for selling
• Point solution
– Out of synch with print
catalogs
– Requires high-level
expertise and ongoing
maintenance
Examples of System Architecture:
Web Server with Order Form
Web Server
Financial
Network
Internet
Catalog and
Order Database
Buyer with Browser
QR Tag
• Abbreviation for Quick Response Tag
• Specific matrix barcode (or two-dimensional
code), readable by dedicated QR barcode
readersand camera phones.
• The code consists of black modules arranged in
a square pattern on a white background. The
information encoded can be text, URL or other
data.
QR Tag
- In 1994 Denso-Wave created two-
dimensional barcodes
-As the creator intended the code to allow
its contents to be decoded at high speed.
-QR Codes in Japan, a success since
2003
•The technology has seen a large uptake
in Japan and South Korea.
Mobile Tags
- Mobile
Phone is a Barcode Scanner
- Mobile Phone is a Internet Browser
Mobile Tags & Mobile Internet
-
Always up to date
Interactive
Multimedia (Audio, Video etc.)
Mesurable
%URL : Mobile Website, Direct Download of
a Video or Song etc.
A name card with QR code