Download Origins of the Cold War

CHAPTER 22
Europe and North America in
the Postwar Years
Section 2: Origins of the Cold War
Objectives:
How and why did the alliance between the Western
Allies and the Soviet Union end?
How did the US attempt to stop the spread of
communism and aid Europe?
How did Germany become two separate countries?
What Cold War alliances developed in Europe?
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Origins of the Cold War
Bell Ringer 22.2:
What are the similarities and differences
between NATO and the Warsaw Pact?
NATO
Both
Warsaw Pact
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Origins of the Cold War
Once upon a time …
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Origins of the Cold War
A rivalry emerged after WWII …
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Origins of the Cold War
EASTERN
BLOC
WESTERN
BLOC
United States
supported by
Western
democracies and
noncommunist
nations.
Union and
This struggle quickly Soviet
its allies of
became known
communist
Countries.
as the
COLD WAR.
Political Cartoon
Origins of the Cold War
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Origins of the Cold War
Two sides were very different…
• Completely different
economic and political
systems
• Each side believed that its
system should be the
model for European
reconstruction.
• Each side was concerned
about future security.
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Origins of the Cold War
The “Iron Curtain”
• In a March 5, 1946 speech in
Fulton, Missouri -Winston
Churchill said that “…an ‘iron
curtain’ has descended across
the Continent …”
• …became a short-hand
reference to the division of
Europe as the Cold War
strengthened.
• The Iron Curtain served to keep
people in and information out of
communist controlled countries.
Political Cartoon
Origins of the Cold War
Political Cartoon
Origins of the Cold War
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Origins of the Cold War
United States aids Europe…
• Civil war broke out in Greece in
1944 between communists and
conservatives.
• GB had intervened and declared a
truce.
• In 1946 the communists renewed
the war.
• In February 1947, the British told
Truman they could no longer afford
to keep their soldiers in Greece.
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12 Mar 1947 – President Truman addresses Congress and set
forth a policy that is called the Truman Doctrine.
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Origins of the Cold War
Truman Doctrine
• Declared the US must consider the
continued spread of communism to be a
threat to democracy
• The US would support free peoples resisted
takeover by communism
• Asked Congress to provide $400 million to
help defend Greece and Turkey from
communist aggression
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We would NOT stamp out communism where it already existed.
But if a country requested assistance to prevent a communist takeover,
We would offer materials, money, and technical assistance.
The United States committed itself to restrict or contain
the spread of communism.
CONTAINMENT
Visual Source
Origins of the Cold War
This illustration from
the July 16, 1948, U.S.
News magazine shows
the beginnings of
American containment
policy. The U.S. is seen
sending troops,
advisors and weapons
to Turkey in hopes that
the country will resist
communism and
remain democratic.
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Origins of the Cold War
Marshall Plan
• On June 5, 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall
announced the European Recovery Program.
• To avoid antagonizing the Soviet Union, Marshall
announced that the purpose of sending aid to Western
Europe was completely humanitarian, and even offered aid
to the communist states in the east.
• … created an economic miracle in Western Europe. By the
target date of the program four years later, Western
European industries were producing twice as much as they
had been the year before war broke out.
Political Cartoon
Origins of the Cold War
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The Cold War In Europe
• How did the Soviets react to the Truman
Doctrine and the Marshall Plan?
• American capitalist plot to dominate Europe
• What was their response?
• Formation of the Communist Information Bureau
(Cominform)
• Tightened its grip on Eastern Europe
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Origins of the Cold War
NATO
Warsaw Pact
CHAPTER 22
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Origins of the Cold War
NATO
members relied
heavily on U.S.
nuclear weapons
as a deterrent to
aggression
Both
meant to provide protection
for member
nations in
case of
attack
Warsaw Pact
members pledged to
supply troops in
proportion to their
population in case of
attack