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Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians Charles Page High School Dr. Stephen L. Cotton Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians A vertebrate that has moist skin with glands, but lacks scales and claws is a(n) amphibian If an amphibian still has a tail after it undergoes the process of metamorphosis, it is probably a salamander Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians As adults, both frogs and toads have hind legs adapted for jumping To breathe, adult amphibians (unlike the larvae) use their lungs In the circulatory system of adult amphibians, the first loop carries what oxygen-content of blood, and to what location? Oxygen-poor to the lungs Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians Fishes are characterized by each of the following except: a bony skeleton; scales; fins; pharyngeal gills Describe the first fishes according to their body covering and jaws. Covered with bony plates and jawless Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians The pectoral fins of fishes evolved into what structure in terrestrial animals? forelimbs What is the largest known fish? White shark Discuss some of the extraordinary feeding adaptations of fish. Lighted lures, shoots down insects with water, long snout with teeth, teeth fused to short beak Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians In fishes, blood from the muscles and organs collects in the sinus venosus Give some examples of the jawless fishes. Lampreys and hagfish How do skates and rays move? Wing-like pectoral fins Why are coelacanths important in evolutionary history? Nearest land ancestor Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians Adult amphibians are vertebrates, but do they lay eggs with a shell on them? no Huge amphibians became so numerous 345 to 285 million years ago that the term “Age of Amphibians” is often applied to this period named carboniferous Period. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians How do tadpoles, salamander larvae, and a few adult salamanders get rid of excess carbon dioxide? through their skin The heart of a tadpole has how many chambers? two In vertebrates, what are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys? ureters Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians In an amphibian, what does the nictitating membrane cover? eye In a frog, blood returning from the legs collects in the vena cava The red eft is a stage of development of the crimsonspotted newt The circulatory system of a fish is called a singe-loop. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians If a fish is cartilaginous and has jaws, it is classified in the class chondrichthyes The kidneys of a freshwater fish pump out much dilute urine. Salmon can distinguish between the odor of their home stream and others by using their chemorecepters Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians Give an example of an oviparous fish that cares for their young. Siamese fighting fist, sticklebacks, cichlids and catfish, male seahorse The heyday of the amphibians ended because climate change How do adult amphibians typically get their food? carnivores What part of the frog and toad brain coordinates jumping? cerebellum Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians Were the first fishes armored with jaws? No, jawless How many species of living lobefinned fishes are there today? two The feeding adaptation in fish that revolutionized vertebrate evolution was the jaw Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians During the Ordovician and Silurian Periods, jawless fishes underwent a major adaptive radiation. Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians In moist woods, look under logs and rocks to find toads. Fishes in which embryos are nourished directly inside the body are called viviparous Because of their external fertilization, frogs must be oviparous Chapter 31 Review Fishes and Amphibians A fish in which the teeth are constantly replaced throughout life is the shark The armored jawless fishes were ultimately an evolutionary dead end.