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Gas Exchange and Transport Unit D – Human Systems Concentration Gradients Gases diffuse from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure…they move with the concentration gradient. Oxygen is found in a greater concentration outside of the body than inside our cells, so oxygen flows towards our cells. Carbon dioxide is present in a larger concentration inside the cells of our body in comparison to the air, so carbon dioxide flows out of the body to our external environment. Gas Exchange Animation Oxygen Transport Oxygen is not very soluble in blood. A protein called hemoglobin increases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Hemoglobin proteins contains iron atoms, which are the part of the hemoglobin molecules that bind with oxygen. Oxyhemoglobin Is formed when oxygen dissolves into the plasma (liquid part of blood). Hemoglobin binds with oxygen to form oxyhemoglobin. Formation of oxyhemoglobin increases the amount of oxygen that is able to dissolve into the bloodstream. Oxygen Transport Animation Carbon Dioxide Transport Carbon dioxide is approximately 20 times more soluble than oxygen. Carbon dioxide combines with water found in the plasma to form carbonic acid: Carbon Dioxide Transport Animation By converting carbon dioxide to carbonic acid, this keeps the concentration of carbon dioxide low, so that carbon dioxide (waste product) will continue to be picked up from cells and released from the lung to atmosphere. However, the formation of too much acid could change the pH of the blood and possibly be fatal, so the carbonic acid must be neutralized. Student Tasks for Lesson Complete textbook questions #1-5 on page 291. Draw a flowchart showing air flow from the nasal cavity to the lungs, including the reactions of carbon dioxide and oxygen transport.