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Transcript
Non-specific Immunity- “1st Line” of Defense Nonspecific immunitymechanisms of the body that respond to many different pathogens or invaders Nonspecific Immunity • Prevent or destroy pathogens • Attacks anything that is considered “not self”- viruses, bacteria, prions • Attacks pathogen immediately • General defense Mechanisms Involved 1. Species Resistance- genetic characteristics which prevent an organism from contracting a disease Ex. Dogs cannot contract mumps 2. Mechanical Barriers- “castle wall” of our body of densely packed cells and other materials which protect from invasion, sloughed off (10B skin cells/day=250 g./year) Ex. Skin, mucous membranes If either is broken, pathogens can enter. “First Line” of Defense • Mechanical barrier on all surfaces of body exposed to external world • What are they? – Skin – Mucous membranes—nasal, respiratory – Lining of mouth – Lining of gut – Lining of vagina/urethra – Surface of eye Skin Barrier Membranes Mechanisms Involved 3. Chemical Barriers- chemicals that interfere with the production of a pathogen Ex. Mucus- sticky, traps pathogen Enzymes- proteins that destroy pathogen HCl- stomach acid- lowers pH to kill pathogen 4. Resident microbes-have commensal or mutualistic bacteria and fungi that are normally present and outcompete potential pathogens Second Line of Defense • • • • Fever Inflammation Phagocytosis All work tightly with specific immunity Fever Trigger not completely understood Muscular contraction and constriction of skin blood vessels cause core temperature to rise Pluses • Inhibit microbial growth • Enhance immune cell performance • Speed tissue repair Minuses • Malaise • Body aches • chills “Breaking” fever or “crisis of fever”: • body begins to cool by sweating, • “color returns” as blood vessels in skin open • Indicates infection is overcome Inflammation • Response to tissue damage from any source (burn, cut, pathogen, other??) 4 Cardinal Signs1. redness- inc. blood volume 2. swelling- inc. capillary permeablility Phagocytes migrate out of capillaries 3. Heat- inc. blood from deep within body 4. Pain- stimulates pain receptors Phagocytosis • Phagocytes move through blood and lymph and into connective tissues and engulf and destroy cells or pathogens • Ex. Neutrophils and monocytes •Langerhans cells in skin •Phagocytes in blood •Microglial cells in CNS Great review of “Body Defenses” or Non-specific Immunity http://fajerpc.magnet.fsu.edu/Education/2010/2010_INDEX.HTM