Download The Civil War

The
Civil War
(1861-1865)
CAUSES
• Slavery
– North: moral issue
– South: economic issue
• Economy
– Cotton is King!
– Slavery part of institution of Southern economy
• State’s Rights vs. Federal Authority
– Who has the power – the state or the federal
government?
The civil War Begins
• First shots fired at Fort Sumter, SC
• Lincoln responds by calling for 75,000 volunteers
• Virginia,
Arkansas,
Tennessee and
North Carolina
to secede
The Border States
•
•
•
•
Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland & Missouri
Practiced slavery, but remained in the Union
Maryland – “In the Union by the bayonet”
Kentucky – “I hope
God is on our side,
but I have to have
Kentucky”
Goals of the North & South
• North: to save the Union (not end slavery)
• South: to be left alone, maintaining slavery
Comparing the North and South
Advantages
• North:
–
–
–
–
Better equipped
Larger population
More factories
Railroads
• South
– Defensive war
– Better officers
– Alliance with England and
France?
Disadvantages
• North
– Had to invade the South
• South
– Smaller armies
– No industry
– Fighting taking place in
their fields and towns
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
Tactics and Technology
• Officers had been trained at US Military Academy
• Used Napoleonic-style tactics
– New rifled guns and cannon meant higher casualties
• Trenches
• Railroads
• Telegraph
Overview
of
the North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
“Anaconda”
Plan
The “Anaconda” Plan
The Battle of Bull Run
• First major battle of the war
• Absolute chaos!!!
• Confederate victory
Confederates think
they can win the war
The War in the West
• Union victories in Tennessee, including Shiloh
– Made Ulysses S. Grant a national hero
• US Navy captures New Orleans
The War in the East
• Robert E. Lee took command in
May 1862
• Smaller Confederate Army
defeated the Army of the
Potomac (Northern Army) again
and again
• Believed a defeat of the
Northern armies in the North
would convince England to help
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
Battle of Antietam
• September 17, 1862
• Single bloodiest day of the
Civil War
– 23,000 casualties
• Stopped the Southern
invasion of the North
• Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation
The
Emancipation
Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
•
•
•
•
January 1, 1863
Ended slavery in the rebellious states
Mixed support in the North
180,000 African-American served in the US Army
Emancipation in 1863
1863 – The Tide Turns
• Fredericksburg (December, 1862)
– Disastrous loss for the Army of the Potomac
• Battle of Chancellorsville
– Lee’s greatest victory
– Divided his army to defeat a larger Union army
• Battle of Gettysburg
– “High Tide of the Confederacy”; Union victory on July 3
• Vicksburg
– Confederate fortress that controlled the Mississippi River
– Grant captured the city on July 4
Gettysburg Casualties
1864 – the West
• General Sherman
– “War is all hell”
• Marched from
Tennessee to South
Carolina
– Wanted to prove to the
South they could never
win the war
– Punishment, too
Sherman’s
“March
to the
Sea”
through
Georgia,
1864
The War Ends
• Sherman complete his “March to the Sea”
• April, 1865 – Siege of Petersburg ends
– Lee escaped, but cornered at Appomattox Court House
– Surrendered April 9, 1865
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
Casualties on Both Sides