Download The Civil War - The Goals of War Change

The Civil War - The Goals of War Change (Chapter 11, Section 2)
Purpose for Fighting the War
•President Lincoln: “Save the Union!”
•Radical Republicans in Congress:
“Abolition of Slavery!”
Lincoln Changes His Mind
WHY?
 Bloody fighting made many Northerners want to hurt the South as much as
possible (Especially following the Battle of Antietam - September 1862)

Slavery helped the Southern war effort

Slavery was a crucial issue on the Union’s diplomatic front with Britain
Emancipation Proclamation is Passed (Jan 1863)
•Prohibited slavery in areas behind Confederate lines
•It did not apply to slave states that remained loyal to the Union or Confederate
territories occupied by Union forces.
Effects of Proclamation
•Civil War - became a fight for freedom and unity
•Union gained public support in Britain.
•Encouraged the recruitment of Black soldiers (Example: 54th Massachusetts Regiment)
Effects of the Civil War (Chapter 11, Section 3)
Political Effects
North
•Draft
–1863 (Ages: 20-45)
•Could hire substitutes
•Bounties were offered
–Cash payments for volunteers
South
•Draft
–1862 (Ages: 18-35)
–1864 (Ages: 17-50)
•Could hire substitutes
•Exempt: Had > 20 slaves
Economic Effects
North
•Increased need for industry
•Wages did not keep up with prices
•Replacement of workers with free
Blacks, immigrants, women and children
•Income Tax (1863-1872)
South
•Food Shortages
•Loss of slaves
•Slave resistance
•Food costs rose
–(1861): $6.65 for food/month
–(1863): $68 for food/month
•Smuggling of goods North
Other Effects (Negative)
Poor prison conditions
–Example: Andersonville (Confederate Prison) - held 33,000 prisoners but prison was
only 26 acres
–15% of Union soldiers in Confederate custody died during the war
–12% of Confederate soldiers in Union custody died during the war
Other Effects (Positive)
•People worked to improve conditions for soldiers
–Dorothea Dix
–Clara Barton – American Red Cross