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The War
E.Q. What were the causes of the War?
P.T. Who won the US Presidential
Election in 1860?
Southern Names for the War
• Second American Revolution
• War for Southern Independence
• War of Confederate
Independence
• War of Northern Aggression
• War Between the States
• The War
Northern Names for the War
•
•
•
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Civil War
War of the Rebellion
War of Insurrection
War of Secession
Definition of “Civil War”
According to the Oxford Dictionary
the term is defined as, “A war between
citizens of the same country.”
Webster states, “A war between
different factions of the same country.”
Fundamental Causes of the War
• These causes developed over a long
period of time:
–Economics (tariffs)
–States Rights
–Slavery
–Nationalism (Culture Differences)
Immediate Causes of the War
• Immediate Causes come
into being just before
the major event itself
occurs:
–John Brown’s Raid
on Harpers Ferry,
Virginia
–1860 US Presidential
Election
Presidential Election of 1860
• Republican Party
–Founded in 1854
–Favored Protective Tariffs
–Opposed Slavery in the
Territories
–Supporters of John Brown
–Sectionalist Party
–Abolitionists
Republican Presidential Candidate
• Abraham Lincoln
–Illinois
–Sectional President
–Running Mate
Hannibal Hamlin from Maine
–Received No Votes from 8
Southern States
–Only Received 40% of the
Popular Vote
Democratic Party
• Split in Party
• Northern Democrats Nominate
– Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois
– Hershel V. Johnson of Georgia
• Southern Democrats Nominate
– John C. Breckenridge of
Kentucky
– Edward Everett of
Massachusetts
• Constitutional Party Nominate
– John Bell of Tennessee
Lincoln Wins
Election was held on November 6,
1860. The split among Democrats
assures the win of Lincoln. Lincoln
states before the election, “America
could not continue permanently half
free and half slave.” This convinced
Southerners that his goal was total
abolition of slavery.
Lincoln Wins
Georgia’s Lawmakers’ Reaction
• November 21, 1860 called for Special
Session
• Meet in January to discuss action
• South Carolina Secedes December 20,
1860
• 132 counties send delegates to
Milledgeville
• Delegates decide secession
• January 16, 1861 four Southern states
out of the Union
Governor Joseph E. Brown
• Writes open letter to the people of
Georgia on December 7, 1860
• Says GA is not endangered by
Lincoln the man but endangered by
Republicans and abolitionists
States Secedes
• South Carolina December 20, 1860
(unanimous)
• Mississippi January 9, 1861
(84 to 15)
• Florida January 11, 1861 (62 to 7)
• Alabama January 11, 1861 (61 to 39)
–Calls for Convention in
Montgomery, AL to create new
government
Georgia’s Decision
• Meet January 16, 1861
• Immediate Secessionists
–Gov. Brown, Robert Toombs,
Howell Cobb, T.R.R. Cobb
• Wait and See People
–Alexander H. Stephens, Herschel V.
Johnson, Benjamin Harvey Hill
Debate
• Three days of intense debating
• Preliminary Vote
–164 for secession to 133 against
• Final Vote
–208 for secession to 89 against
• Ordinance of Secession adopted
January 19
• January 21, 286 signed the Ordinance
and 6 signed in protest but pledge to
protect the state
Republic of Georgia
• Union is a compact among
states
• Voluntarily join/ voluntarily
leave
• Georgia 1788 Ratification
repealed
• Georgia membership in the
Union dissolved
• Georgia become a free and
independent country
Georgians’ Loyalty
• Resigned from Federal
Jobs
• Resigned from the
Military
• Supported their
Country (Georgia)
• Georgians first/
Americans second
Reflection
What did you learn today?