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Secession and Civil War
“A house divided against itself cannot
stand…”
The Fight to Preserve the Union
Election of 1860:
Southern States
feared Lincoln’s
election would lead
to attempts to
abolish slavery
South believed its
society and
economy would not
survive Lincoln’s
Presidency
South Carolina led
the way in 1860
Followed by slave
states of deep South
Established
Confederate States
of America
Upper South
followed after first
shots were fired
First shots were fired:
Fort Sumter; April 12,
1861
South attempted to
take the fort
Sparked secession of
VA and upper South
KEY LEADERS AND
THEIR ROLES:
Abraham Lincoln
President of the U.S.
during the Civil War
Insisted that the Union
be held together, by
force if necessary
Issued the
Emancipation
Proclamation
George McClellan
First commander of
the Union forces
Organized the Army
of the Potomac
Was relieved from
duty after failing to act
(he was too slow)
Ulysses S. Grant
Union commander
who took over late in
war
Gained early success
in West
Eventually defeated
Robert E. Lee
Jefferson Davis
President of the
Confederate States of
America
Robert E. Lee
Confederate General
of the Army of
Northern VA
Opposed secession as
well as force to keep
Union together
Sided with South after
Ft. Sumter
Urged reunification
after the war
Frederick Douglass
Former slave who
became prominent
abolitionist
Urged Lincoln to
recruit former slaves
to fight in Union Army
Comparing the sides, 1861;
Population: North at 4 Firearms production:
million, South at 1.2
North had edge 32 to 1
million eligible for
ratio
military
North had more:
Naval Shipping: North
railroads, industry and
had edge at 25 to 1
economic resources as
ratio
well!!!
Iron Production: North
had edge at 15 to 1