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Classification of Living Things Chapter 1-3 Grouping • Why do we place things into groups? – Makes it easier to find – Makes it more meaningful • How do we group things? – appearance – structure – cellular components – development – DNA • Aristotle – Greek philosopher – 4th century BC – Classified things into 2 groups plants and animals plants swim animals fly walk – There were some problems with his system (bird/bat) • Classification: grouping of things according to similar characteristics • taxonomy: science of classification • What are some other things in every day life that we classify? • Linnaeus – used binomial nomenclature: each organism is given 2 names which identify its genus and species – Every different type of organism has a different genus and species • All humans have the same genus and species (Homo sapiens) • All wolves have the same genus and species – Genus is capitalized, species is lower-case. – Both are in italics or underlined. 3-Domain System Common ancestor Archaebacteria Eubacteria Animalia Eukaryota Plantae Fungi Protista • Seven major classification groups – Kingdom – Phylum – Class – Order – Family – Genus – Species largest & least specific smallest & most specific – Species: interbreed & produce fertile offspring, similar in appearance and behavior The Six Kingdoms • • • • • • Animal Plant Fungi Protist Archaebacteria Eubacteria Prokaryotic No membrane bound organelles Small No nucleus Eukaryote Membrane bound organelles Large Has nucleus • autotroph: an organism that makes its own food • heterotroph: an organism that does not make its own food • unicellular: an organism composed of one cell only • multicellular: an organism composed of more than one cell Kingdom Cell Type Cell # Nutrition Example Archaebacteria Prokaryotic Unicellular Autotroph & Bacteria from heterotroph extreme environments Eubacteria Prokaryote Unicellular Autotroph & Bacteria heterotroph Protist Eukaryote Unicellular or Autotroph & Paramecium, multicellular heterotroph ameoba Fungi Eukaryote Multicellular Heterotroph Mushroom, or unicellular mildew, mold (yeast) Plant Eukaryote Multicellular Autotroph, Redwood, heterotroph tulips, (rarely) grasses Animal Eukaryote Multicellular Heterotroph Insects, mammals, fishes