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The Reformation
Martin Luther
Attempts to reform the Church
And creates a new one
Causes of the Reformation
The Catholic had become corrupt It…
• Sold pardons from sin or “Indulgences”
• Sold positions as Bishops or “Simony”
Meanwhile…
 Christian Humanists criticized it and
studied the Bible independently
The Printing Press spread their ideas and
criticisms as well as copies of the Bible
for Study
Martin Luther
In 1517 Martin Luther a monk and
teacher nailed 93 theses to the door of
the church in Wittenberg challenge
other to debate them…
this began the Reformation
He criticized the church’s practice of
Simony and selling Indulgences
And he went even farther…
Luther’s Teachings
In addition to criticizing Simony and
Indulgences Luther taught:
I. Justification by Faith…That Grace
comes from faith in Christ
II. That the Bible was the only
religious authority, not the pope or
church traditions
III. That men in faith were equal,
priests were no better than ordinary
Protestant Churches
Many New Christian Churches
developed due to this protest against
the Catholic Church
They are called “Protestant Churches”
They include: Lutheranism, Baptist,
Anglican, Methodist, Calvinist etc.
They were supported by Princes who
wished to limit the power of the Pope.
The Counter-Reformation
The Catholic Church responded at the
Council of Trent. It declared:
 The Catholic tradition as perfect and all
protestant sects to be heresy.
An end to Simony and the sale of
Indulgences
Religious Wars raged across Europe
Ignatius Loyola began a new more personal
way for Catholics to relate to God.