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 Columbus in the New World
 1492
 After 33 days, he landed at the Bahamas.
 Then went on to Hispaniola and Cuba
 Exploration and Conquest
 Spain took the lead, with explores such as Hernan Cortes
and Francisco Pizzaro
 The Demographic Disaster
 The “Columbian exchange”, while benefiting Europe,
devastated the native peoples of the New World
 In the 150 years after first European contact, perhaps 80
million Indians – nearly one – fifth of humankind at that
time – died.
Map 1.4 Voyages of Discovery
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
The Spanish Empire
 Justifications for Conquest
 Long history of conquering other peoples and
cultures based on religion or notions of superiority
 Spreading the Faith
 Save natives from Protestantism and heathenism
 Piety and Profit
 Workforce to enrich Spain
 Many Indians worked to death
The Spanish Empire
 Las Casas’s Complaint
 Criticized fellow Spaniards for their shocking
atrocities and cruelties against the natives
 Believed that Indians were rational beings, not
savages, who could not be denied their freedom and
lands
 Reforming the Empire
 Las Casas, along with others, lead to minor changes
in the Spanish treatment, but Indians were still
exploited.
The Spanish Empire
 Exploring North America
 Early 16th century
 Pacific & Gulf Coasts
 American southeast and southwest
 Spread Disease & Devastation
 De Soto was particularly brutal
Table 1.1 Estimated Regional Populations:
The Americas, ca.1500
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
The Spanish Empire
 Spanish Florida
 First area to be colonized present day Florida
 Small presence
 Spain in the Southwest
 New Mexico (1598)
 Pueblo Indians (1680)
 Pueblo Revolt: Pueblos attacked and nearly wiped out
the entire Spanish pop
Map 1.5 A Spanish Conquests and Explorations
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
in The New World, 1500–1600
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
Table 1.2 Estimated Regional Populations
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
The French and Dutch Empires
 French Colonization
 Mississippi River Valley and Canada
 New France and the Indians
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Fur traders
Friendly relations with local Indians
Generally more tolerant of Indian culture
However, French colonialism brought same disease
and warfare
Map 1.6 The New World-New France and
New Netherland, ca. 1650
Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition
Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company
The French and Dutch Empires
 The Dutch Empire
 Henry Hudson (1609)
 New Amsterdam (1624)
 Manahattan
 Dutch Freedom
 Small pop, but center of global maritime empire
 Invented practices that were critical to the birth of
modern capitalism
 Joint stock company
The French and Dutch Empires
 Freedom in New Netherland
 Not democratic, but people had more freedoms that
elsewhere on the continent
 Religious toleration broad
 Settling New Netherland
 Tiny outpost in the global Dutch Empire
 New Netherland and the Indians
 Like the French, the Protestant Dutch were
interested in trade, rather than conquest
 Identified with Indians plight under Spanish rule