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Imperialism
Africa
 Imperialism – the takeover of a country or
territory by a stronger nation with the intent
of dominating the political, economic, and
social life of the people
Africa
 Causes of Imperialism
 Industrial Revolution
 Need for raw materials
 Need for people to trade with
 Nationalism
 My country’s better
 Social Darwinism = Survival of the fittest = war
 White Man’s Burden
 White people were superior and therefore need to
teach other races
 Christianity needs to spread
Dr. Livingstone and Henry Stanley
Africa
 Problem with Africa = malaria delivered by
mosquitoes
 However, Europe solved that problem with the
drug quinine
Africa
 Stanley comes back and has African tribes in
Congo sign away their land to Belgium
 Congo was 80 times larger than Belgium
Africa
 How did they do it?
 Better weapons (machine guns)
 Steam Engines = railroads, steamers
 Africans fought against each other and not
against Europeans
 Other countries started to follow Belgium
Africa
 To prevent fighting, the European nations
met at the Berlin Conference to lay down
rules for the division of Africa
 No African nation was represented
Africa
 Cecil Rhodes led
Britain into Africa and
found Diamond mines
= DeBeers company
started
 Also wanted a
railroad from South
Africa to North Africa
to transport diamonds
Africa
 Some Africans fought back
 In southern Africa, Shaka
Zulu fought against Boers
= lost because of no
superior weapons
Africa
 Algeria under Samori
Toure actively
resisted the French
for 16 years
 Religious resistants
like the Maji Maji
rebellion against the
Germans happened
often (German killed
26,000 with machine
guns)
Africa
 Ethiopia under
Menelik II
successfully resisted
using modern
weapons to defeat the
Italians at the Battle
of Adowa
 Only African country
to remain free
Africa
 One other African
country stayed
independent
 Liberia because it
was protected by the
US
 US sent some slaves
back to Africa and
that was the country
they created
Positives
 Local warfare was reduced
 Life spans increased
 Literacy increased
 Technology advanced
Negatives
 Africans lost control of land and independence
 Many died from smallpox
 Famines as cash crops replaced food
 Breakdown of traditional cultures
 Africa was divided badly
Ottoman
 Ottoman Empire started to collapse
Ottoman
 European countries began to take territory
away from the Ottoman Empire
 Examples: Greece and Serbia becoming
independent
 Examples: Crimean War = Russia fighting for ports
on the Black Sea
Ottoman
 Florence Nightingale
Ottoman
 Muhammad Ali took control
of Egypt from the Ottomans
 Under his heirs, the Suez
Canal was built; it
connected the
Mediterranean Sea with the
Red Sea, so travelers did
not have to go all the way
around Africa.
Ottoman
 Britain soon took the Suez Canal from Egypt
because of debts
 Europe took away land for its strategic
location or products = geopolitics
Ottoman
USA
 USA also becomes
imperialistic using the
Monroe Doctrine which
says no European nation
can colonize the West
 A ship of ours called the
USS Maine blew up in a
Spanish harbor in Cuba
= Spanish-American
War
USA
 We won and received
Spanish territory in
the Caribbean and
the Pacific
 Caribbean = Puerto
Rico, Cuba
 Pacific = Philippines,
Guam
USA
 Philippines under Emilio
Aguinaldo fought the US
because we said we would
give them independence and
we did not, but lost
USA
 US led by sugar
planter Sanford Dole
also took Hawaii from
Queen Liliuokalani
 We did this because
we needed a naval
base in the Pacific
and cheap sugar
USA
 The US also helped build the
Panama Canal which
connected the Atlantic and the
Pacific Oceans in Central
America
British Empire
 East India Company came to India and soon
took over India
 It had its own army and controlled the Indian
government
British Empire
 India has a lot of raw materials and 300
million people to buy British goods
 It was soon called “jewel in the crown”
British Empire
 India was just one territory under Britain
ruled by Queen Victoria
 Their empire was so large that people said
“the sun never sets on the Empire”
Southeast Asia
 Dutch took control of Indonesia
 France took control of Southeast Asia
China
 China would not trade with Europeans
 The Europeans illegally started selling opium to
the Chinese. Then trade flourished.
China
 The Chinese government told Europe no
more opium and Europe said no = Opium
War
 Europe had modern weapons and opened
up China to trade
China
 Hong Xiuquan led the
Taiping Rebellion
against China.
 It took ten years to
put the rebellion
down.
China
 Another rebellion
happened in China,
this time against
foreigners
 Boxer rebellion
attacked foreigners in
China until it was put
down by the
Europeans
China
 Because of that war, Europe was able to
carve out spheres of influence from China
 Spheres of influence are areas where a
foreign nation controls trade and $
Japan
 Japan did not want to trade
either
 US under Matthew Perry with
our modern navy opened the
ports of Japan to foreigners
for trade
Japan
 The shogunate who allowed the US in was
overthrown
 The emperor took over and modernized
Japan.
 This reign was called the Meji Restoration
Japan’s Imperialism
 In 20 years, Japan
attacked China and
took over Korea.
 Japan also invaded
Manchuria where
Russia was and Russia
went to war against
Japan = RussoJapanese War
Japan
 Japan amazingly won and became a new
world power