Download 3.5) Ch 31 Review Sheet

CORE 1220: SHAPING OF THE MODERN WORLD
Brooklyn College • Spring 2012
CHAPTER 31 REVIEW SHEET
CHAPTER 31 STUDY QUESTIONS
Ottoman Empire
 What factors led to the territorial decline of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century? What
territories were lost? What were the military and economic factors?
 What were the difference between the reforms of Mahmud II (r. 1808-1839), the Tanzimat era
(1839-1876), and those of the Young Turk era (1908-1918)?
Russian Empire
 What were the sources of social discontent and agitation in the nineteenth century Russia? How
did the government respond?
 What was the effect of the Crimean War on Russia? What were the zemstvos?
 How would you compare Tsar Alexander II to Tsar Nicholas II?
 What was Count Witte’s program for the industrialization of Russia?
 What events led to the Russian Revolution of 1905? What was the outcome of this revolution?
Chinese Empire
 Why was the opium trade so important to the British? What factors led to the Opium War (18391842) and how was it resolved?
 What was the impact of the Treaty of Nanjing on the Chinese Empire? What nations benefited
from the Unequal Treaties that followed this treaty’s example? What did European “spheres of
influence” entail?
 What were the causes of the Taiping rebellion? What was the result of this uprising?
 How would you characterize the Qing government’s attempts at reform?
 What was the result of the Boxer Rebellion?
 What weaknesses ultimately led to the collapse of the Qing dynasty?
Japan



What were the factors leading to the collapse of the Tokugawa government and the restoration of
Emperor Meiji in 1868? How did foreign influence affect this outcome?
How did Japanese reformers achieve rapid industrialization of Japan? What were the results of this
effort? What were the costs?
How did constitutional government come about in Japan? How was that process different from
those in European countries.
CHAPTER 31 KEY TERMS & NAMES
Ottoman Empire
 Janissaries
 Muhammad Ali (r. 1805-1848)
 “capitulations”
 Sultan Selim III (r. 1789-1807)
 Mahmud II (r. 1808-1839)
 Tanzimat Era (1839-1876)
 Ottoman Constitution (1876)
 Abdül Hamid II (r. 1876-1909)
 Young Turk Era (1908-1918)
 Mehmed V Rashid (r. 1908-1918)
Russian Empire
 The Crimean War (1853-1865)
 Tsar Alexander II (r. 1855-1881)
 Emancipation of the Serfs (1861)
 zemstvos
 Count Sergei Witte (1849-1915)
 Land and Freedom Party
 People’s Will
 Tsar Nicholas II (r. 1894-1917)
 Russo-Japanese War
 The Revolution of 1905
 Duma (created 1905)
Chinese Empire
 cohongs
 Lin Zexu (1785-1850)
 Opium War (1839-1842)
 The Treaty of Nanjing (1842)
 Hong Xiuquan (1814-1864)
 Taiping Rebellion
 The Self-Strengthening Movement (1860-1895)
 Empress Dowager Cixi (1835-1908)
 Dismantling of Tributary System: 1885 - France incorporates Vietnam into its Empire; 1886 Britain detaches Burma; 1895 - Japan forces recognition of Korean independence and the ceding
of Taiwan & Liaodong peninsula in Manchuria
 Spheres of Influence (by 1898)
 Hundred Days Reform (1898)
 The Boxer Rebellion (1900)
Japan












Tokugawa bakufu
Mizuno Tadakuni (1794-1851)
Commodore Matthew Perry’s arrival in Japan (1853)
Meiji Restoration (1868)
Abolishment of samurai class & special privileges of daimyo
Emperor Meiji (1852-1912)
Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835-1901)
Ito Hirobumi (1841-1909)
Meiji Constitution (1889)
zaibatsu
First Sino-Japanese War (1894-1895)
Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)