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Transcript
D-day, Island Hopping, Battle of the Bulge, & the A-bomb D-day recap • June 6, 1944 • Known officially as Operation Overlord • Planned the invasion for over a year • Allied force of 3.5 million soldiers were involved – Parachuted behind enemy lines – Heavy Bombing – Stormed the beachfront on foot • Heavy casualties and heroic feats – 10,000 Allied casualties – 6,600 were American • Established a large rip into the German lines in France and forced the German army to retreat from France. • Saving Private Ryan The Battle of the Bulge • Germany launched a surprise offensive which caused a large “bulge” in the allied lines. • Hitler’s forces were trying to recover vital ground – During the dead of winter – American and allied forces completely surrounded in sub-zero temperatures – 80,000 casualties. • Germans were eventually pushed back – Victory close at hand. – Surrounded by Soviets to the east and 4 million allied troops to west. Yalta Conference (Feb. 1945) • Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin make plans to end war. – What to do with Germany? – DIVIDE IT! • Although allied, meeting was tense – Foreshadowing what is to come? V-E Day! • German forces unable to fight off troops at the Rhine. • April 30, 1945 Hitler commits suicide in Berlin bunker. • May 8th - Germany surrenders Island Hopping—The Route to Japan • Taking strategic islands in an effort to prepare for a mainland invasion of Japan. • Saipan---Tinian Island (Mariana’s)--Iwo Jima—Okinawa—GOAL=Bomb Japan! • Set up forward air strips for bombing of Japan by B-29 Superfortress and B-17 Bombers • Eventually the Enola Gay would take off from Tinian Island!!! The A-bomb • The Manhattan Project – Develop the first nuclear bomb • Harry S. Truman became president after FDR died. It was Truman’s decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan • Enola Gay flew to Hiroshima and dropped the first ever Atom bomb – Everything within 1 mile radius was destroyed. Damage extended 12 miles from blast Manhattan Project • Nuclear race during WW2 between German and USA scientists • J. Robert Oppenheimer • Tested at Los Alamos, NM • Shattered windows 125 miles away • Truman took over- knew NOTHING of the project • Over 160,000 people worked on small parts of it throughout the country • 80,000 died immediately • 35,000 injured • 90,000 buildings destroyed while fires raged 3 days later… • Since no action was taken by Japan the U.S. dropped a 2nd bomb on Nagasaki. – Death toll of 40,000 • Led to Japanese surrender • V-J Day on August 15th, 1945 • Officially ended WWII Truman’s Dilemma • Could a naval blockade eventually defeat Japan? • Could the USA continue conventional bombing? • Should the USA demand that the Japanese unconditionally surrender (emperor stepping down)? • What if the USA gave more time to Japanese to negotiate with the USSR? • Should the second bomb have been dropped? • Should we have given a demonstration to the Japanese about the atomic bomb’s capacity? Hiroshima and Nagasaki • August 6, 1945- Hiroshima – – – – Enola Gay- B-29 bomber 70,000 killed in explosion 60,000 killed from burns, radiation poisoning 110,000 wounded or missing • August 8, 1945- USSR enters war against Japan • August 9, 1945- Nagasaki – 25,000 killed in explosion – 55,000 wounded or missing • August 14, 1945- USSR overruns Manchuria and Korea Allies Triumph • Deaths— • • • • • • USA- 400,000 Japan- 1.2 m + 300,000 USSR- 7 m + 12 m British- 300,000 + 60,000 Germany- 3.5 m + 1-2 m France- 200,000 + 350,000 • 30-40 million left homeless • Holocaust • Ascension of USA and USSR as competing global powers – Democracy vs. Communism – Most people believed World War 3 would happen within a generation