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Transcript
Darwin’s Evolution Charles Darwin • 1809-1882 • Known as the founder of the modern evolution theory • Why did any theory of evolution develop? to explain the fossils that were being discovered Voyage of the Beagle • Left when he was only 21 years old. Hired as the ship’s naturalist. • His job was to collect, store and catalog all unusual biological specimens along the way. • The most important place he visited was the Galapagos Islands. • Here Darwin was able to isolate different species and study their different character traits. • Different Islands had species with similar looks but different adaptations. i.e finches and tortoises Returned to England in 1836 • Journey lasted approximately 5 years • Set up experiments with pigeons • Began to formulate his theory of Evolution by Natural Selection On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection • Published in 1859 • Original intent was to publish after he had died but when Alfred Russell Wallace also came up with a similar theory and was about to publish it, he had to change his plans. • Darwin was very aware of the consequences of writing a theory such as this What is evolution? • Evolution is change over time Descent with Modification • Darwin believed that all species must have descended through reproduction from a preexisting species and that all species must be able to change over time • He was the first to argue, all life must have come from one or just a few original forms of life Darwin’s Finches • Descent with modification proof • Darwin noticed 13 similar types of finches on the different islands of the Galapagos • Each bird was very similar except for its beak which appeared to be adapted for each specific type of food for the finches • Darwin believed that these finches had a common ancestor which had probably flown there after the islands had formed. The mechanism for descent with Modification is natural selection Natural selection is the process of nature selecting those individuals with the traits that will enable them to survive in the environment. 1. Overproduction- have more offspring than can possibly survive 2. Genetic variation- individuals have different traits in a population and hose traits may end up being selected for and sometimes new traits appear through mutations 3. Struggle to survive- individuals must compete in order to survive. Some variations aid in survival others could hinder 4. Differential reproduction- those offspring with the best adaptations will survive to reproduce more offspring with that variation Examples of Natural Selection