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Transcript
Chap 22
Evolution
Cuvier tried to explain the
fossil record by using the
idea of Catastrophism.
Cuvier –
Catastrophism
HuttonGradualism
Lyell-
Catastrophies
explain the
different layers
of fossils
Geological
processes take
thousands of
years
processes work the same now as
in the past
Uniformitarianism- geologic
1. Earth is very old
2. Slow change can result in
substantial change over time
Evolutionary
Theory
Theory of Use and
Disuse
Theory of
Acquired
Characteristics
5 Parts to Darwin’s Theory of
Evolution
• There is always variation in the population
• There is always a struggle for existence
• Some characteristics allow for some
individuals to survive and reproduce
better than others
• These characteristics are heritable
• It takes many generations for change to
occur
Thomas Malthus
Populations
Geometric Inc
Logrithmic
Exponential
Food Supply
Arithmetic
8. Vestigial Organs
Degenerated organs that have lost all
or most of its original function
9. Adaptive Radiation
Rapid adaptation of one ancestral
organism to a wide range of
environments leads to the formation
of many new species
(Transitional Species: fossils show change over time)
Homologous Structures: Comparable structures that have taken on
different functions as a result of modification from a common ancestors
(Artificial Selection of domestic species)
Changes in environment can affect
survival and change overall the
population’s characteristics.
Transitional Species
Descent with
modification
Descent with
modification
Homologous Structures
Vestigial Organ
Biogeography is the
science which deals with
geographic patterns of
species distribution and the
processes that result in such
patterns
Present
Darwin expected the plants on
the Galapagos to resemble
those found in Europe, why
was this not so?
Adaptive Radiation in Hawaiian Honeycreepers
Lines of Evidence for Evolution
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Domesticated Species/ Artificial Selection
Transitional Species/ Fossil record
Homologous structures
Vestigial structures
Embryological Structures
Biogeographical evidence
Biochemical evidence
- DNA, Protein, Amino Acid Sequencing
• Adaptive radiation
Unrelated organisms adapt to
similar environmental conditions