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Hydro-Electricity UK Appraisal Until 2020 and 2030 Thursday 24th February, 2005 Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 1 What is Hydro-Electricity? Electricity Generated by the flow of water past turbines at the base of a dam Why the Base? Here is where pressure is greatest Famous Example: Hoover Dam Colorado river, Nevada USA Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? Creates 4 billion Kilowatt hours per year for 1.3 million people in Nevada Arizona and California 2 Hydro in the United Kingdom Requires large upland Lakes Development mostly in Scotland At present Installed capacity of Hydro in UK is 1500MWe Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 3 United Kingdom Government Policy 2003 government white paper ‘our energy future – creating a low carbon economy’ First annual report reaffirmed that addressing climate change was at the centre of UK energy policy United nations Convention on Climate Change – Kyoto protocol calls for a reduction in CO² emissions to below 1990 levels EU Renewables Directive calls for 22% of energy in Europe to be Renewable by 2010 Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 4 Scottish and Southern Energy Currently upgrading Hydro equipment turbine rudders guide vanes and generators increasing efficiency Scottish Hydro Electric the UK’s biggest hydro generator with 1350MW capacity representing roughly 40% of whole UK renewable capacity 275MW refurbished since 2002 and another 90MW to be completed by this year. This has increased output by 5% from same amount of water Loch Laggan Dam, West Highlands Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 5 Environmental Implications Dam collapses in the USA Hope Mills, North Carolina– May 26th 2003 Medford, New Jersey – July 19th 2004 Austin, Texas – April 7th 1900 Collapses occur more often than you think with another recent event in Pakistan last week! Collapse poses risk to human life from raging currents and debris Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 6 Environmental Implications Hydro-electricity doesn’t produce greenhouse gases which are a cause of climate change. Unlike fossil fuel generation Nor does it produce any of the controversy of nuclear generation Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? However it still involves changing the natural Environment 7 Transport Issues As most Hydro is generated in Scotland the question is how do you get it to south east England? PYLONS!!! Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 8 Planning and Technical Constraints Small Scale Hydro only at an early stage in its development Just how much more can exiting technology be refurbished? What happens if the lake above the dam freezes over? Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? How can hydro progress in areas protected by the Government? 9 Electricity cannot be stored so it has to be produced at exact levels of demand Storage This makes Hydro the perfect generating method as it can regulate its production levels instantly Also validates use of pump storage schemes, which use excess of peak power to pump water which is then released for generation at peak times Dinorwig, North Wales Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 10 Storage – Crucial Moments !!! Final of the World Cup England Expects At the New Wembley Referee Blows for Penalty shoot out as freak blizzard descends Thursday 24th February, Week 7 The whole country switches on their kettles to make hot water bottles…. Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 11 AND THE GERMANS WIN AS USUAL Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 12 Pessimistic Outcome Large Scale Hydro Equipment rapidly reaches life expiry Small Scale Hydro Technology slow to advance and meets strong opposition 2020 2030 Small Scale Hydro: 250 MW Small Scale Hydro: 500 MW Large Scale Hydro: 500 MW Large Scale Hydro: 250 MW Total: 750 MW Total: 750 MW Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 13 Optimistic Approach Life extension work increases Large Scale Hydro capacity Small Scale technology advances rapidly and becomes commonplace throughout UK and beyond 2020 2030 Small Scale Hydro: 750 MW Small Scale Hydro: 3000 MW Large Scale Hydro: 2000 MW Large Scale Hydro: 2200 MW Total: 2750 MW Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Total: 5200 MW Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 14 Likely Outcome Most Large Scale Hydro will remain on line but capacity will not see large improvements Small Scale Projects will start to appear but will meet opposition and new technical constraints 2020 2030 Predictions for Hydro-Electric Generating Capacity for the years 2020 and 2030 Small Scale Hydro: 500 MW Large Scale Hydro: 1500 MW Total: 2000 MW Generating Capacity (MW) 6000 Small Scale Hydro: 1500 MW 5000 4000 Optimistic 3000 Pessimistic Likely 2000 1000 Large Scale Hydro: 1800 MW Total: 3300 MW 0 2005 2020 2030 Year Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 15 Energy Generated (PJ) in the Years 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Optimistic 17 21 25 30 42 57 Pessimistic 17 14 12 8 8 8 Likely 17 18 20 22 28 36 Varying Predictions of the amount of UK electricity that will be generated by Hydro-Electric generation methods for years up to 2030 Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 16 Hydro-Electric Generation Projections up to 2030 Energy Generation (PJ) 60 50 40 Optimistic 30 Pessimistic Likely 20 10 0 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 Year Thursday 24th February, Week 7 Dale Turner - A Hydro-Electric Future? 17