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Transcript
TUBERCULOSIS IN SOUTH CAROLINA Shea Rabley, RN, MN, Director TB Control Division South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control General Information about Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, an airborne communicable disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, is primarily found in the lungs (pulmonary) but the bacteria can attack and cause disease in any part of the body (extrapulmonary). Transmission occurs by the expectoration of droplets into the air from a person with active pulmonary disease and the subsequent inhalation of the aeroslized droplets by another person. This can occur while talking, singing, sneezing or coughing. Once a person is exposed and becomes infected, the TB bacilli can remain dominant in the body (latent TB infection or LTBI) or it can progress to active TB disease. LTBI progresses to active TB disease in ~10% of these persons within the first 2 years. The rest remain at risk for life. For persons with a weakened immune system from HIV, other medical conditions or drugs that affect the immune system, the risk of progression is increased greatly and this risk remains higher year after year than it does for others. TREATMENT TB infection requires the use of 1-2 drugs for 6 – 9 months for treatment completion. TB disease requires treatment with 4 or more drugs for the initial 2 months and then 2 drugs for 4 – 7 more months for a total of 6 – 9 months. Drug resistant TB (MDR-TB or XDR-TB) requires treatment with sensitive drugs for 12 – 24 months. No. of Cases Reported TB Cases United States, 1982–2010* Year *Updated as of July 21, 2011 TB Case Rates* United States, 2010 D.C. < 3.6 (2010 national average) >3.6 *Cases per 100,000. Percentage of TB Cases Among Foreign-born Persons, United States* 2000 2010 DC *Updated as of July 21, 2011 DC >50% 25%–49% <25% Reported TB Cases South Carolina, 2001 - 2010 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 263 256 254 261 234 Cases Case trend over 10 years 222 218 188 164 153 South Carolina Tuberculosis Case Rates* 2010 Region 2 Spartanburg Pickens Cherokee York Greenville Oconee Union Chester Lancaster Chesterfield Marlboro Region 3 Anderson Region 1 Laurens Dillon Fairfield Region 4 Kershaw Darlington Newberry Abbeville Lee Greenwood Marion Richland Saluda Florence Lexington McCormick Sumter Horry Edgefield 0 Clarendon Calhoun Aiken Region 6 Williamsburg Region 5 Georgetown Orangeburg 0.1- 3.0 Barnwell Bamberg Berkeley Dorchester 3.1- 4.0 Region 7 Allendale Colleton Region 8 Charleston Hampton 4.1 – 6.0 Jasper 6.1 – 10.0 >10.1 *Cases per 100,000 population Beaufort 3.8 - 2009 National Case Rate 3.4 - 2010 SC Case Rate TB CASES BY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN South Carolina 2010 TB CASES ETHNICITY South Carolina 2010 TB CASES BY RACE South Carolina 2010 N = 153 Cases TB CASES BY AGE GROUP South Carolina 2010 TB CASES BY SEX South Carolina 2010 HIGHEST TB INCIDENCE COUNTIES South Carolina 2010 TB CASES WITH DRUG RESISTANCE South Carolina2006-2010 For TB Control Activities: Absence of proof is not proof of absence….. When you near the elimination of your disease, your funding will be eliminated. The TB Control Program takes the charge of the Division seriously – protecting the public of South Carolina from the infectious, communicable pulmonary disease, tuberculosis. Questions? Call 803-898-0558.