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Vaccinations Remember! • Vaccination does not give absolute 100% protection to each and every animal or every herd • Vaccination does not replace good biosecurity/biocontainment management practices . Vaccine Handling • Rules #1-3 1. Read label 2. Read label 3. Read label Label Directions • Proper temperature – Refrigerate most vaccines – Refrigeration means 400 F, not 200, not 600 • Proper route of administration – IM (intramuscular) – SQ (Subcutaneous) – IN (Intranasal) – Oral . Label Directions • Proper species • Proper dose • Proper time (including boosters as necessary) . Vaccine Types • Killed • Modified Live (MLV) • Antibodies/Antitoxins . Vaccine Types • Killed – all organisms are inactivated – No potential for any live germs to cause disease . Vaccine Types • Killed – Induce primarily antibody development in the vaccinated animal against very specific organisms – Usually multi-dose vials – Usually requires booster dose first time . Vaccine Types • Modified Live Vaccine (MLV) – Live disease-causing organism is treated in a way such that it induces an immune response without causing disease – Modern technology has made this very safe . Vaccine Types • Modified Live Vaccine (MLV) – Induces two forms of protection in the animal: antibodies as well as cell-mediated immunity – Typically involves mixing liquid and dry components and must be used immediately – Usually does not require a booster first time . Vaccine Types • Antibodies/Antitoxins – Created by hyperimmunizing animals and taking antibodies from their serum and putting into oral or injectable form – Allows for instant presence of antibodies to fight disease – Few exist - most common, E coli (First Defense), tetanus antitoxin . What is the best, all natural vaccine we have? Colostrum • The future of your herd is born with NO antibodies Colostrum & Calves • Antibodies in colostrum are required for the first several months of that calf’s life to fight off ALL infectious agents, including scours, navel-ill, pneumonia • Antibodies are “herd-specific” for each farm Colostrum & Calves • ASAP – not 12 hours later • “4 quarts in 4 hours” • Minimum 100 grams immunoglobulins (antibodies) . Colostrum & Calves • Colostrum and feeding containers must be CLEAN • Cow should be Johne’s negative and BLV (Leukosis) negative in tested herds . Colostrum & Calves • We can influence the antibodies in colostrum with proper vaccinations at the proper time Summary • Biosecurity and biocontainment are not just big words to be ignored • We need to reconsider how we bring additions into our herds – what risks are we comfortable with? • We need to evaluate how we handle different age groups of cattle on our farms • Vaccination is VERY important but NOT a substitute for good management • We need to develop a vaccination program for every animal in every herd • Colostrum, colostrum, colostrum