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Your Majestic Pump: The Human Heart APL3 Cardiovascular system Composed of: – Heart – Blood vessels ( arteries, veins, capillaries) Vital for circulation: circulating oxygen to body and toxins (wastes) out Cardiac Output (Performance) Stroke volume: 80ml at rest Heart Rate: 70 bpm at rest; 180 during exercise Cardiac Output: SV * HR = 5600 ml/min Total blood volume is approx 5-6 liters. Your heart pumps almost entire volume of blood throughout body in 1 minute! Your incredible engine! How much gas would the average car pump in its life? Blood pumped in 70 years: 206 million liters, or 50 million gallons Most efficient engine ever made Typical hybrid car (60mpg) New cars (26.5 mpg) Coverings of the Heart Double layered Pericardium – Visceral: inner, delicate lining on surface of heart – Parietal: outer, tough sac fitting loosely around heart Pericardial cavity: space between 2 layers. Filled with fluid to friction Wall of heart: 3 Layers Epicardium: protective outer membrane Myocardium: middle, heart wall, rich in blood – Cardiac muscle Endocardium: inner lining of heart wall – Purkinje fibers, collagen, elastin, BV’s Heart chambers: Four 2 Atria: Thin walled upper chambers – Receive blood 2 ventricles: Thick walled lower chambers – Pump blood out R. & L. sides separated by septum One way blood flow: Valves One set separates the atria & ventricles Tricuspid: (3 cusps) Separates Right atria and R. ventricle Bicuspid: (2 cusps) Left atria & L. ventricle Valves cont’ Semilunar valves: separate the ventricles from the exits of the heart Pulmonary SL valve separates R ventricle from the pulmonary artery Aortic SL valve separates L. ventricle from the aorta Arteries carry blood AWAY from the heart. Usually carry oxygenated blood. EXCEPT the pulmonary artery. Veins carry blood TOWARDS the heart. They usually carry deoxygenated blood. The exceptions are the pulmonary veins. “Arteries are better felt than seen and veins are better seen than felt.”