Download Place a comma after introductory words of direct address, words of

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Comma Errors
Missing Comma After Introductory
Element
Place a comma after the following
introductory elements in your work.
Words
Place a comma after introductory words of direct
address, words of permission, and interjections.
James, can you hand me that paper?
No, I can’t find it.
Great, I will see you at the movie
Phrases
Place a comma after introductory prepositional,
participial, and infinitive phrases.
To play your best, you need to practice.
Running slowly, I finally made it to the finish
line.
What in the world are these phrases??????
Clauses
Introductory adverbial clauses should be
followed by a comma.
When the conductor boards the train, it will
start moving.
What in the world is an adverbial clause??????
Commas and Nonessential
Elements
Use commas to set off nonessential (not important)
elements of sentences.
Appositive
If an appositive is not essential to the meaning
of a sentence, it should be set off by commas.
Julie’s dog, a golden retriever, chases after the
tennis ball.
Participial Phrase
A participial phrase not essential to the meaning
of a sentence is set off by commas.
The dog, running through the park, brought the
ball back to Julie.
Adjectival Clause
Use commas to set off an adjectival clause if it is
not essential to the meaning of the sentence.
The dog, whose name is Comet, prefers to
fetch tennis balls.
Missing Comma in a Compound
Sentence
Use a comma before a coordinating
conjunction to separate two or more main
clauses in a compound sentence.
Main Clauses
Place a comma before a coordinating
conjunction (and, but, or, nor, yet, so, for) in a
compound sentence.
Se is traveling to China on a nonstop flight,
and she is expected to arrive at noon.
Compound Subjects and Verbs
Commas should not be used to separate
compound subjects and compound verbs in a
sentence.
The cat chases after the yarn and dove under
the table.
Phrases & Clauses
Prepositional Phrase - consists of a preposition
and a noun or pronoun (between, with, beside)
Participial Phrase - is participle modified by an
adverb (traveling quickly, avoiding delays)
Adverbial Clause - Subordinate - modify verbs,
adj, adv. or verbs by telling where, when, in what
way . . .
What is a participial?
A participle is a form of a verb that can act as an
adjective.
They answer the question What kind? or Which
one? about the nouns or pronouns they modify.
They can be expanded into phrases
Traveling at breakneck speed, we arrived on
time.