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The systematic approach and methodology of Islamic psychology By ZULKIFLI KHAIR Ibn Khaldun: Think & call to Allah (1) Note: Commentaries inside the bracket are by Ahmad von Denffer. The natural means for the perception of truth is… man’s natural ability to think (Because you can think you can discover the truth. This is the natural way.). When it is free from all misgivings and when the thinker entrusts himself to the mercy of God (So you relate your thinking to Allah, then you can discover the truth, that is the natural way). Ibn Khaldun: Think & call to Allah (2) Logic merely describes the process of thinking and mostly parallels it. Take that consideration and ask for God’s mercy when you have difficulty in understanding the problems (Logic is on describing the process and does not bring the result. Call to Allah if you have difficulty in understanding.) Then (when you ask for Allah’s mercy) the divine light will shine upon you and give you the right inspiration . God guides in His mercy. Knowledge comes only from God. Islamic vs. unislamic methodology Majority of the modern systematic @ scientific methodologies (either qualitative, quantitative, and triangulation; from addressing the problem till the data analysis) are not against Islam. Islamic psychology accept the soul part @ essence in human being, while the manifestation of soul could be studied by the modern methodologies as long as does not against Islam. Cloning activity and hadith “You know better of your own worldly matter.” As long as the result is good… A man said to the Prophet: “Give me some advice.” Muhammad said, “Judge its matter by its disposition. If you see good in its outcome, carry on with it; but if you fear transgressing the limits set by Allah, then abstain from it.” (Refer Syarah as-Sunnah) Ahmad von Denffer (1983) in Research in Islam: Look into the future. If you see the outcome will be good, carry on with it. If you see the outcome will be bad, leave it. Information vs. knowledge Data @ result is somewhat of information, depends on how you explain and interpret it, influenced by your philosophy @ belief. INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE WISDOM Serious error of commission “Euro-American psychology has committed a serious error of commission (doing things that should not have been done) by applying irrelevant issues, methods of analysis, and tools to illiterate, rural, and traditional people in nonwestern cultures.” (Omar H. Khaleefa, 1997) Read: Omar H. Khalifa, 1997. e.g. ‘Literate test’ for illiterate respondens. Malik Badri, 1978. e.g. Sexual ‘repression’ on the slowness response towards stimulus sexual words. Survey method: Sexual behaviour Sexual behaviour research lead by Alfred Kinsey in the mid 1930’s; more than 10k people; Sexual behaviour in the human male (1948) and Sexual behaviour in the human female (1953). Results included the positive abnormal sex behaviour in the United States community – the serious error of commission. Related current issue; read ‘Miskin Agama: Rakyat Amerika sudah tidak mahu berkahwin’. Animal experiment Look at the previous discussion. Prophet Muhammad: “Whosever killed a bird without rights, then on the Day of Judgment Allah will bear him responsible.” (Sahih as recorded by Ahmad) Read ‘Animal Right: An Islamic Perspective’ and ‘Fatwa on Gene Therapy’ in IslamOnline; ‘Fatwa on Cloning by JAKIM’. Experimental psychology by Ibn alHaitham Read ‘Who Is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology?’ by Omar H. Khalifa (1999). Ibn al-Haitham wrote in Kitab al-Manazir @ Book of Optics (1021) about the experimental approach to the psychology of visual perception, commentaries by Roger Bacon (1210-1292). Ibn al-Haitham studied visual perceptions; perception of colors, sensation of touch, perception of darkness, the psychological explanation of moon illusion etc. Physiological psychology by classical Muslim scholars Read ‘Islamic Medicine: 1000 years ahead of its time’ by Ibrahim Syed (2002). Ibn Sina: The relationship between pulse rate and inner feeling. An asylum for the mentally ill has been built as early in the 8th century in Baghdad (705), Cairo (800), Damascus and Aleppo (1270). Can we be objective? (1) “A problem for psychology is that it attempts to adopt a detached academic and ‘scientific’ standpoint. Scientists pretend to be objective, that is, free from bias and free from value. But this cannot be so. As we have been seen above, you inevitably view the world from a particular perspective, that as yourself and the various groups to which you belong. (cont.)…” Can we be objective? (2) “… I cannot be free from bias because my behaviour and conversation are affected by the way I interpret the world and the opinions that frame these interpretations.” “Historically, psychology was dominated by white middle class heterosexual men, who developed theories that reflected the concerns and interests of that group of people!” (Read ‘Bias in Psychology’) Conclusion The systematic approach and methodology of Islamic psychology: Should not against Islamic law and adab. Should influenced by the Islamic philosophy and aim that set priority for the development of ummah and mankind.