Download Islamic Civilization

Islamic Civilization
Introduction
Chapter Introduction
This chapter will introduce you to Islamic
Civilization. You will learn about the origins and
beliefs of Islam, the rise of Muslim empires, and
the achievements of Muslim cultures.
Section 1: Origins of Islam
Section 2: The Beliefs of Islam
Section 3: Muslim Empires
Section 4: Muslim Achievements
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
myStory
Ibn Battuta’s Voyage
Why did Ibn Battuta leave his hometown?
How long had Ibn Battuta been traveling
by the time he returned to Tangier? Explain.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
myStory
Ibn Battuta’s Voyage
What did Ibn Battuta do
in Cairo, Jerusalem, and Medina?
Ibn Battuta’s Actions in . . .
Cairo
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Jerusalem
Medina
Islamic Civilization
myStory
Ibn Battuta’s Voyage
How were Ibn Battuta’s visits
to Medina and Mecca similar?
Medina
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Shared
Mecca
Islamic Civilization
myStory
How are religion and culture connected?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Origins of Islam
How does geography help communities grow?
New Ideas
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Effects
Islamic Civilization
Origins of Islam
Academic Vocabulary
revelation—n., message, usually one believed to come
from God
Many people believe that their religious leaders have
experienced revelations from God.
migration—n., moving to a new place
Every year there is an enormous migration from north
to south during cold weather.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Origins of Islam
Key Ideas
People began practicing Islam in Arabia, a large
peninsula covered mostly by harsh desert.
The prophet of Islam was Muhammad, who
preached his beliefs to the people of Mecca,
his hometown.
Muhammad moved from Mecca to the city
of Medina, where he built up the Muslim
community.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Origins of Islam
Key Terms
oasis—a place in a desert where water can
be found, usually from a spring
Bedouins—Arab nomads who lived in
desert areas
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Origins of Islam
Key Terms
Hijra—Muhammad’s migration with his
followers from Mecca to Medina
Kaaba—A shrine in Mecca that is the most
important Islamic holy site
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Origins of Islam
What are some features of Arabia’s geography?
Arabia is a huge peninsula, south of modern Iraq and
across the Red Sea from Africa.
Arabia has an extremely harsh environment: mostly
desert, a very dry climate, and no permanent rivers.
Most people in Arabia lived in areas that got some rain
or near oases where water could be found.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Origins of Islam
Geography and Culture
How might being mostly surrounded by water
have affected Arabia?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Origins of Islam
Two Ways of Life
What are some ways that the lives of nomads
and town-dwellers were different?
Arabian Ways of Life
Nomads
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Town-dwellers
Islamic Civilization
Origins of Islam
The Importance of Muhammad
Who do Muslims believe was
the prophet of Islam?
How did Muhammad feel about Meccan society?
How did his actions lead to the rise of Islam?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Origins of Islam
The Rise of Islam
When did Muhammad preach in Mecca
and Medina? Explain the changes.
What changes did Muhammad make
to Mecca on his return?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Origins of Islam
How are religion and culture
connected?
Origins of Islam
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
How do rituals organize our lives?
Daily Rituals
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
Academic Vocabulary
interpret—v., to give the meaning of
Our teacher helps us interpret the poetry so that we can
understand it better.
submission—n., giving control over yourself to
someone else
For Muslims, submission means trying to please God
by following his teachings.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
Key Ideas
The main sources of Islamic teachings are
the Quran and the Sunnah.
Islam is a monotheistic religion that requires
believers to perform five basic duties known
as the Five Pillars of Islam.
Prayer and right conduct are important parts
of Islamic teaching.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
Key Terms
Quran—Islam’s holy book
Sunnah—traditions believed by many Muslims
to come from the prophet Muhammad
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
Key Terms
Hajj—pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca
mosque—Islamic house of worship
Sharia—Islamic law
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
Sources of Islamic Teachings
The Quran
• Islam’s holy book; main source of teaching
• According to Islam, the record of God’s
revelation to Muhammad, compiled by his
followers
• Written in verse and studied in Arabic by
Muslims everywhere
The Sunnah
• Guidelines for living a proper life, based on
the words and actions of Muhammad
• Help interpreting the Quran
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
What is the role of scripture in Muslim beliefs?
Describe the contents and style of the Quran.
How does the Arabic language
unite Muslims everywhere?
How might widespread literacy
contribute to Muslim learning?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
What do Muslims believe about God?
Beliefs About God
Monotheism
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Submission
to God’s Will
The Soul
and Afterlife
Islamic Civilization
Origins of Islam
Compare and Contrast:
Islam, Judaism, and Christianity
Three Related Religions
Islam
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Judaism
Christianity
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
Islamic Beliefs and Rituals
What belief about God do Muslims
share with Jews and Christians?
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
What do Muslims do to follow the Five Pillars?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
Pillars of Islam
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
Five Pillars of Islam:
Prayer and Pilgrimage
Prayer
• five times a day, following specific rituals
such as washing and facing Mecca
•
worshipers called to prayer by a muezzin
•
sometimes at mosques, especially on
Fridays
Pilgrimage
• also known as Hajj, journey to Mecca
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
Where do Muslims live today?
In which region of the world are four of the five
countries shown on the bar graph located?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
What is the role of law in Muslim life?
The Sharia
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
Prayer, Pilgrimage, and Law
What features do most mosques share?
What important ritual do Muslim pilgrims
perform at the Kaaba?
How might rules for proper behavior help people
resolve family issues and do business?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Beliefs of Islam
How are religion and culture connected?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
Why are some leaders
so appealing and popular?
Reasons for Popularity
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
Academic Vocabulary
devotion—n., dedication, loyalty
My cat shows her devotion by sleeping at the
foot of my bed each night.
circumstance—n., condition
Everyone wondered about the mysterious
circumstances behind his disappearance.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
Key Ideas
After converting to Islam, the Arabs
conquered many lands and built a huge
empire in a very short span of time.
Muslims became divided over the issue of
who should follow Muhammad as the leader
of the Muslim community.
After the Arab Muslim empire collapsed,
Muslim empires including the Ottoman,
Safavid, and Mughal empires rose up.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
Key Terms
caliph—title meaning “successor” in Arabic;
used by leaders of the Muslim community who
followed Muhammad
Sunni—member of an Islamic religious group
that supported Abu Bakr as the first caliph and
now forms a majority of the world’s Muslims
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
Key Terms
Shia—member of an Islamic religious group
that supported Ali as the first caliph and now
forms a minority of the world’s Muslims
sultan—title for the ruler of a Muslim country
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
Political and Cultural Influence
Muslim armies conquered Arabia and many
nearby lands
Arab Muslims brought their religion and their
Arabic language to conquered lands.
In some places, Islam spread quickly
and, in others places, it spread more slowly.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
Where was the Arab Muslim empire?
In what directions did
the Arab Muslim empire mostly spread?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
What helped the Arab Muslim empire spread?
Reasons for success
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
Muslim Society
Which were the highest and
lowest social groups in early Muslim society?
How were the roles of women in
early Muslim society different from those of men?
Describe the early Muslim view
toward Jews and Christians.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
Arab Muslim Dynasties
Umayyad Dynasty
• 1661–750 A.D.; capital in Damascus (now in Syria)
• Took the Arab Muslim empire to its greatest size,
stretching from Spain to Persia
• Its size led to interaction between Arab Muslims and
other conquered cultures
Abbasid Dynasty
• 750–1258 A.D.; capital in Baghdad (now in Iraq)
• Built a center of art, learning, and science in Baghdad
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
Non-Arab Muslim Dynasties
Ottoman Empire
• 1299–1923 A.D.; centered in modern-day Turkey
• Ruled by Turks who originally came from Central Asia
• Powered by a strong military
Safavid Dynasty
• 1502–1736 A.D.; centered in Persia, which today is
called Iran
• Made Shia Islam the official religion in Persia
• Persian culture continued alongside Islamic culture
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
Muslim Empires
How did the Arab Muslim empire
change under the Umayyads?
What was a key achievement
of the Abbasid caliphate?
Describe the ethnic identity
of the Ottoman empire.
How did the Safavids change Islam
in what is now Iran?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
Islam Spreads
Islam in India
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Empires
How are religion and culture connected?
How did Muslim
empires change
over time?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
What makes accomplishments possible?
Accomplishments
Predictions
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Conditions
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
Academic Vocabulary
emphasize—v., to stress, to mark as important
You can use capital letters or bold type to
emphasize ideas in a letter.
concept—n., idea
All activities at the festival will relate to the
concept of living a healthy lifestyle, including
the four kilometer run.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
Key Ideas
Cities were central to the economies of
Muslim empires, which grew through trade.
Art, architecture, and literature flourished
under the Muslim empires.
Muslims made important advances in
mathematics, philosophy, science, and other
fields of learning.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
Key Terms
textile—woven fabric
Sufism—an Islamic lifestyle that
emphasizes controlling one’s desires, giving
up worldly attachments, and seeking nearness
to God
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
Key Terms
Arabic numerals—the system of writing
numbers we use today
Calligraphy—the art of decorative writing
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
Muslim Cities and Trade
Cities
• Centers of Muslim culture
• Supplied traders with products and
customers
Trade
• Used Muslim rule to gain access to parts of
Asia, Europe, and Africa, as well as the
Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean
• Encouraged interaction between cultures
and the importing of ideas and inventions
• Made merchants honored in society
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
The Role of Geography
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
What were some Muslim achievements?
Three Areas of Achievement
Philosophy
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Medicine
Literature
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
How did Muslims view
scholarship and learning?
How does the building of libraries and academies
reveal Muslim views of learning?
How are Muslim folk tales and poetry similar?
Use Muslim writings in history, geography,
folk tales, and poetry to support the statement
that Muslim culture valued literature.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
What did Muslims
achieve in science and art?
Mathematics and Science
• Introduced Arabic numerals and the
concept of zero to Europeans
• Made advances in algebra and chemistry
• Developed tools and methods for studying
the stars and planets
Art and Architecture
• Built beautiful mosques and other buildings
• Used calligraphy on buildings, textiles,
books, tiles and other formats
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
A Great Legacy
What does it tell you that we still use words
from Arabic in our study of math?
How did Muslim decorative styles spread
beyond Southwest Asia?
Use any of the Muslim-designed buildings
discussed in this chapter to support the idea
that Muslim architecture has lasting appeal.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
Preserving Ancient Cultures
Causes
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.
Effects
Islamic Civilization
Muslim Achievements
How are
religion and
culture
connected?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliates. All Rights Reserved.