Download Micro_History_16 - Kenston Local Schools

Historical Milestones
 People
at this time knew
that diseases could be
passed from person to
person and on clothing
◦…but didn’t know what it
was
Bacteria carried
by fleas
 Plague killed 2530 million
people in Europe
 Estimates: 6070 million
worldwide died

 An
English
Scientist
viewed cells in
cork
 Hooke –
“coined” the
word CELL
 Dutch
textile
merchant made
the first
microscope
 He saw
bacteria, fungi
and some
protozoa
 Smallpox
vaccine
Proved that
anthrax is caused
by bacteria
 Came up with
Koch’s Postulates
 1882 discovered
the cause of TB =
tuberculosis

 German
botanist
 Considered one
of the founders
of Microbiology
 Discovered
Endospores
The English
surgeon
discovered the
antiseptic
method.
 In other words:
Clean, Sterile =
use antiseptics
during surgery





French chemist and
microbiologist
Proved that
microorganisms
cause disease
Discovered the
rabies & anthrax
vaccine
Originated
“Pasteurization”
◦ Discovered
Penicillin
 1940s
– the electron microscope
developed
 Post World War II – antibiotics
introduced to medicine
 1950s and 1960s – vaccines
developed to control polio,
measles, mumps, & rubella
 1977
- Developed a method to
sequence DNA
◦ Sanger & Gilbert
 1983
- Polymerase Chain
Reaction = PCR
◦ Mullis
 1995
- First genome of microbe
◦ H. influenza

1973 – Biotechnology

1980 – Present
◦ Insulin – the first genetically engineered
drug
◦ Genetically modified food
◦ Drugs
◦ Vaccines
◦ Stem Cell Research
◦ Nano-technology
◦ Personal Genome Sequencing = $99
(2013)