Download Proteins

The Structure of Molecules Determines
the Function
• Ex. Gloves have specific shape that gives them
the ability to do certain things
4.C.1 – Variation In Structure Provides
A Wide Range of Functions
Carbon has ___ unpaired electrons so it forms
___ covalent bonds
Hugh variety of shapes
C compounds may form ____
Lines represent _________
Connected lines represent ______
C atoms are numbered
Isomers
Functional group – group of atoms attached to
an organic molecule that helps determine the
function of the molecule
Why are functional groups important?
Common Functional groups
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OH
CH3
SH
COOH
NH2
4.A.1 - Subcomponents and Their
Sequence Determines Properties
Macromolecules
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Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Carbohydrate Monomers
Carbohydrates
What are disaccharides?
Carbohydrates: Function
• Energy; stored energy - ________, ________
• Structure – __________, _____________
• Cell-to-cell communication, identification
(glycoproteins, glycolipids)
– Antigens/antibodies
Lipids are insoluble ion water
Triglycerides: Fats
Triglycerides - Fats
Triglycerides
• Saturated
• Unsaturated
• No double bonds
• Solids
• Animal fats - grease,
lard, butter
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•
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Double bond(s)
Liquids
Plant fats (oil)
Corn, peanut, olive oils
Phospholipids
Amphipathic??
Phospholipids
Phospholipids
Micelle – phospholipids spontaneously form a sphere in
water
Steroids - insoluble in water
Steroids
Arrangement of functional groups is critical
Importance of Lipids
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•
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Energy (Ex.?)
Padding (Ex.?)
Insulation (Ex.?)
Structure (Ex.?)
Hormones (Ex.?)
Type of
Protein
Function
Example
Structure
Support
Collagen, keratin,
elastin
Storage
Store amino acids
Casein – milk
Transport
Transport
?
Hormones
Signaling
?
Receptor
Respond to signals
Nerve, muscle, senses
Contractile
Movement
Actin, myosin
Defensive
Protection
Antibodies
Enzymes
Accelerate reactions
Catalase
Proteins - Amino Acids
Proteins – long
chains of peptide
bonds formed by
dehydration
synthesis
Proteins
Proteins
• Four levels of protein structure:
– Primary
– Secondary
– Tertiary
– Quaternary
Proteins: Primary Structure
Secondary Structure
Tertiary Structure
Quaternary Structure
Denaturation
Nucleic Acids
Central Dogma of Molecular Biology***
# 1 – Formation of
Monomers From Low
Energy Molecules
(Miller-Urey)
#2 – Formation of Polymers
from Monomers
• RNA nucleotides and amino
acids will spontaneously
polymerize when solutions
of amino acids are dripped
onto hot sands or clays
#3 – Origin of SelfReplicating Molecules
• Claim: RNA may have acted as an early catalyst
for polymerization and/or molecule to store
code.
• Evidence: RNA (simpler than DNA) will:
– Act as a catalyst for certain chemical reactions
– Assemble itself (polymerization)
– Replicate itself – make more code to be
passed to the next generation
# 4 – Formation of A Protocell
Protobiont – 1st life