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Animal Nutrition Terms Carbohydrates Fats & Oils Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water Pre-mix Silage Metabolism Objectives Learn the 7 nutrients animals need Cost What is major cost in a livestock operations? Breeding stock Equipment Labor Medication Feed Greatest expense is Feed Nutrition Nutrients Found in feed materials that are necessary for proper body functioning. Roughages and Concentrates Concentrates Feed High In Crude (Total) Protein 75% protein is digestible Roughages Feeds High in Fiber low in CP 60% of Protein More than 18% fiber Feeds Types Dry Grain: Crushed (crimped) corn Silage: Fresh cut roughages that are sealed to keep moisture These types of feeds are supplemented with nutrients to optimize heath Pre-mix: mixture of nutrients supplemented to livestock feed Nutrients Carbohydrates Main energy nutrients made up of sugars, starches, and cellulose Found in the largest quantities of livestock feed Source: in Cereal Grains Corn, rye, wheat, barley, and sorghum Corn is commonly used in the US Fats and Oils 2.25 times the energy value of Carbs. Carry Fat soluble Vitamins Extra Carbs. are stored as fat Source: Come in grains and protein concentrates Vitamins Trace organic compounds Help regulate body functions and are designates as letters Sources: Adds to most feed as a premix Proteins Organic Compounds made up of amino acids Supply material to build body tissues Mussels, skin, hair Sources: soybean meal, cottonseed meal, blood meal, dried milk, urea Minerals Inorganic Material in small amounts Provides growth of bones, teeth and body tissues and regulate many chemical body process Sources: In most feed, pre-mixes, mineral blocks Water Makes up 40-80% of the animals body Most important nutrient Dissolves other nutrients and caries them throughout the body