Download SC430 Molecular & Cell Biology

SC430 Molecular &
Cell Biology
Welcome SC430 -01 to our 1st Seminar
Professor = Dr Hall-Pogar
I am available at AIM: Kaplanhallpogar before and after seminar
for any additional questions
We will begin promptly at 9:00PM est
Seminar 1 Objectives
Overview of the Course
Primordial Soup --> Jurassic Park
course information
Term:
1105C
Dates:
2011
November 9th, 2011 – January 24,
Holiday:
Textbook:
Thanksgiving, Nov 24-27th
Christmas, Dec 24 -
The Cell: A Molecular
Approach, Fifth Edition
Course Structure
Seminars, discussion boards, & projects are graded each unit
Mid-term & Final Exam
Helpful Hints
Check email
Read weekly announcements
Reference all facts in DB’s and projects
Use APA style
Communicate with me!
ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF
CELLS
The First Cell:
All present-day cells, both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, are
descended from a single ancestor
The first cell is thought to have arisen at least 3.8 billion years
ago
As a result of enclosure of self-replicating RNA in a phospholipid
membrane
Stanley Miller & Harold Urey
Experiments
•
Elegant set of experiments
•
Under conditions believed to be similar to those found on the
early Earth
•
•
Organic molecules could spontaneously arise
•
Providing the building blocks for the first living organisms
Raw materials + Energy ⇒ Life molecules
DNA or RNA?
•
RNA World Hypothesis
•
Hypothesis proposes that life based on RNA pre-dates the
current world of life based on DNA, RNA and proteins
•
RNA is able both to store genetic information, like DNA, and to
catalyze chemical reactions, like an enzyme.
•
DNA is thought to have taken over the role of data storage due
to its increased stability
•
Proteins with a greater variety of monomers (amino acids),
replaced RNA's role in specialized biocatalysis
Jurassic Park?
•
Developmental biologists at the University of Wisconsin
observed mutant chickens that had beaks contained structures
resembling teeth(2005)
•
•
Experimentally able to trigger the formation of teeth in a
normal chicken by turning on a particular gene
Question: Will scientists ever be able to resurrect the dinosaur?
•
Read more: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article1026340/Jurassic-Park-comes-true-How-scientists-bringingdinosaurs-life-help-humble-chicken.html#ixzz1dVB9L9Hx
Origin of Eukaryotes
Eukaryotic cells are thought to have evolved from symbiotic
associations of prokaryotes
The genome of eukaryotes may have arisen from a fusion of
eubacterial and archaebacterial genomes
Present-Day Prokaryotes
Divided into two groups
Archaebacteria and the eubacteria
Eukaryotic Cells
Larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells
Contain a nucleus, cytoplasmic organelles, and a cytoskeleton
Evolution of Metabolism
Earliest reactions for the generation of metabolic energy were a
form of anaerobic glycolysis
Photosynthesis then evolved, followed by oxidative metabolism
Development of Multicellular
Organisms
The simplest eukaryotes are unicellular organisms
Such as yeasts and amoebas
Multicellular organisms evolved from associations between
unicellular eukaryotes
Division of labor led to the development of the many kinds of
specialized cells that make up present-day plants and animals