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UK and South Africa: Working in Partnership Sir David King Chief Scientific Adviser to UK Government Cape Town 18 May 2005 World Science Citations Country % share of world publications % share of world citations Rank order USA 34.9 49.4 1 EU15 37.1 39.3 UK 9.4 11.4 2 JAPAN 9.3 8.4 4 CANADA 4.6 5.3 6 CHINA 3.2 1.6 18 INDIA 2.1 0.9 21 BRAZIL 1.2 0.7 22 SOUTH AFRICA 0.5 0.3 25 0.13 0.06 26 IRAN Comparing economic and scientific wealth 0.700 SWI Citations/GDP ($000s PPP) 0.600 SWE ISR 0.500 FIN 0.400 DEN NL UK CAN 0.300 AUS BEL USA FRA GER 0.200 AUT SPA SIN 0.100 RUS IND 0.000 GRE POL JAP POR KOR CHI 0 Main source: ISI / OECD/World Bank 5 IRL IT TAI BRA SAF IRA 10 LUX @ 62 15 20 25 GDP/person ($000s PPP) 30 35 40 National strengths in different disciplines (1997-2001) Total Citation Share Engineering Clinical medicine Physical sciences Preclinical medicine and health Mathematics Biology Environment UK GERMANY JAPAN FRANCE CANADA ITALY RUSSIA Comparing disciplinary strengths for US, EU 15 and UK Share of total citations Engineering Clinical medicine Preclinical medicine and health Physical sciences Mathematics Biology Environmental USA EU15 UK Comparing EU15 with the US 1.2 Ratio EU to USA 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 Publications 0.2 Citations 0 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Comparing inputs and outputs/ outcomes INPUTS OUTPUTS/OUTCOMES Citations per unit GDP Per cent GDP spent on publicly funded R&D Publications per researcher Per cent GDP spent on higher education R&D Citations per researcher Citations per unit HERD UK CANADA USA FRANCE ITALY GERMANY JAPAN Variation in Life Expectancy Around the World Ja pa Sp n a Po in l C and an ad a U Fr K G a nc er e m an C y hi So R na ut us N h K sia or o th re K a or ea In di a V Bra So ene zil ut zu h ela A fr ic K a en ya Za Li ire be ria Fertility Rates: Number of Children per Woman 9 8 7 6 1981 2001 5 4 3 2 1 0 Source: Population et societes, INED Africa’s need for skilled people….. Africa’s share of world’s health workforce Source: WHO, 2004 Sustainable Development • Each generation should leave at least as large a productive base for its successor as it inherited from its predecessor Productive Base: Manufactured capital Human capital Natural/Environmental capital + Institutions, cultural coordinates Source: Partha Dasgupta Social worth of these assets = wealth of a nation Knowledge transfer and capacity building activity will make significant contributions to: Human capital • Education provision skills development • Population growth containment Infrastructure Development • Clean water, hospitals, schools, police, government facilities, transport on a transregional basis Cultural Development • Attitudes to wealth creation • Encouraging entrepreneurial spirit Holistic approach • Coordinate international programmes • Governmental and regional decision making in partnership • Need to go beyond basic education – building up capabilities in primary, secondary and higher education • Well-developed approach to science, technology, engineering and medicine • Using centres of excellence to raise standards throughout the system Commission for Africa Report • A new kind of partnership – based on mutual respect and solidarity. • Good governance • An additional $25bn a year in aid by 2010. • 100% debt cancellation for poorest countries. • Untying aid For capacity building: International Community should commit in 2005: • US$ 500 million a year over 10 years to revitalise Africa’s institutions of higher education. • US$ 3billion over 10 years to develop centres of excellence in S&T. The Impact of Climate change in Africa Temperatures in Africa over the past 100 years G8 and EU challenges • Climate Change and African Development are the UK priorities for G8 and EU Presidencies in 2005 • Climate change is a global problem and requires a global response – Kyoto, European Emissions trading • Clear vision of energy futures required to enable global collaboration to move forward • Science, engineering and technology have key roles to play Dorothy Hodgkin Postgraduate Awards • Aims to bring outstanding students from Africa, India, China, Brazil and developing world to study for PhDs in top rate UK universities. • Emphasis is excellence • 160 scholarships available this year. More info: www.rcuk.ac.uk/hodgkin/ Dorothy Hodgkin Postgraduate Awards Africa-UK Networking Opportunities • Our bilateral links with Africa are important to us. • Want to encourage collaboration between our best scientists through: South Africa – UK Networking scheme Royal Society/ NRF joint collaborative programme The future……. • Continue to build links between UK & Africa in science, technology and innovation – between individuals, institutions and government. • South African leadership in Africa. • Work together to mitigate and adapt to effects of global warming.