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The Role of the Medical Profession in Making Public Policy By Joseph R. Marbach, Ph.D. Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Seton Hall University Introduction Historical overview of public policy making in the United States Public Health and Safety Political Culture American Political Culture Broad based participation by many groups Checks and Balances Limited Government “The government that governs best, governs least.” • Thomas Jefferson Influence of the Medical Profession on policy Limited due to nature of society Expands due to Industrialization Urbanization Overpopulation The Medical Profession as Intetest Group Medical Association – 1847 New York Academy of Medicine – 1847 American Pharmacists Association – 1852 American Dental Association – 1859 American Nursing Association – 1896 American Hospital Association - 1898 American Role of Federalism States respond to domestic problems Response rate uneven Laboratories of Democracy Police Powers of Government New York City Metropolitan Board of Health - 1866 New York State Department of Health – 1901 U.S. Food and Drug Act – 1906 New York City Zoning Laws - 1916 Professionalization of Health Care State regulation of Occupations Delegation of occupational standards to profession Variations in standards by individual states New Jersey Opticians = Eye Glasses, No Contact Lenses Optometrists = Eye Glasses + Contact Lenses Ophthalmologists = Eye Glasses + Contact Lenses + Surgery Does this System Work Today? No 1770s – Minimimal Public Health Concerns – Agraian Lifestyle 2000s – Globalization = Global Public Health Concerns – International Travel and Urban Lifestyles U.S. System 2007 - $2 Trillion Spent on Health Care $6,830/person 16% of GDP 2015 - $4 Trillion $12,000/person 20% of GDP U.S System 46 Million Americans are uninsured Since 2002 – 266,000 employers have cut health coverage US ranked 37th in mortality (24th among Industtrial nations) Solutions Reduce costs Universal coverage