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Human Geography of Canada Economics Canada is one of the 10 wealthiest nations in the world Economic System – Mixed Canada is a member of NAFTA – along with the US & Mexico Economics - Demographics High GDP per capita High Life Expectancy $43,400 81.57 Low Population Growth Low Infant Mortality 0.77% 4.78 deaths/1,000 live births Canada is a More Developed country – ranked #11 on the Human Development Index Where do you see most of the economic activities (both Agriculture & Industry) in Canada? Why? Discuss with your “family” and be prepared to explain and defend your “why” response. Social – Colonization 14th & 15th century: British, French & Spanish explored the Eastern Coast and Hudson Bay area; later settling in this region French lost control of their territory at the end of Seven Years War (1763) Social – Continental Expansion Transcontinental Railroad completed (1869-1885) Gold discovered in the Yukon Large numbers of fortune hunters traveled along RR route Towns developed along RR route Population still concentrated here today (near US/Canada border) Social – Population Population is 35.1 million & growing – mostly near the US/Canadian border The people of Canada are mostly of European descent, but the “First Nations” are very vocal Social – Canadian Culture What do you think a former Canadian Prime Minister meant by this statement aimed at the US? "Living next to you (the US) is in some ways like sleeping with an elephant. No matter how friendly or temperate the beast, one is affected by every twitch and grunt.“ Cultural Protectionism: In response to the effect of American popular culture, Canada has imposed “protectionism” policies. Political – Government Independent nation in 1931 Parliamentary Government ◦ Legislative & Executive functions are combined ◦ Majority party’s leader in Parliament becomes “Prime Minister” ◦ Canada is independent but it’s symbolic head of state remains the British Monarch ◦ Member of the UN Political – Provinces & Territories Canada is made up of 10 Provinces & 3 Territories Capital City: Ottawa Major Cities: Quebec, Toronto & Montreal Province of Quebec still has strong cultural ties to France Nunavut: territory given to Inuit population (Natives) Human-Environment Interaction Plentiful resources – minerals, fossil fuels, forest lands High latitudes require adaptation in northern locations Transportation networks removed barriers & helped people develop the west and north