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Reproduction
Schmit
REPRODUCTION AND
DEVELOPMENT IN PLANTS
Asexual reproduction:
- Plants being remade without sex
cells (egg or sperm/pollen)
Examples of asexual
reproduction:
A. tip and stem
layering – stem
comes in contact
with ground and
develops roots.
(Ex. Raspberry
bushes)
B. cuttings –
stem/leaves
placed in water;
start to develop
roots
C. Grafting – take
a twig from one
plant and attach
to stem of
another
D. budding – attach the end


bud from one plant and
attach it to another
E. runners – stems
that extend
along ground
and then “plant
themselves” in
the ground (ex.
Strawberries)
F. bulb and corm
duplication –
onions,
daffodils,
tulips. Flower
is at center.
G. Rhizome –
horizontal stem
growing below
ground (ex.
Grass)
H. Tuber – “eyes”
are modified
rhizomes that
will develop into
plants
(ex. Potato)
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN
PLANTS
Types:
Gymnosperms – cone producing
Angiosperms – flower producing
Monocot
One cotyledon
Fibrous root
Parallel veins
Petals in 3’s
Dicot
two cotyledons
tap root
branched veins
petals in 4’s or 5’s
a. Flower parts
i.
Sepal (all = calyx)
Green – leaf like.
Protect flower prior to opening
ii.
Petals (all = corolla)
Protect reproductive parts.
Attract pollinators
iii. Stamen (♂ male parts)
1. pollen
contains sperm
2. anther
produces pollen
3. filament
holds anther up to aid in
pollination
Pollen
iv. Pistil (♀ female parts)
1. stigma
pollen sticks to it.
2. style
supports stigma
aids pollination
3. ovary
creates eggs, becomes fruit
4. Ovules –
turn into seeds if fertilized
5. Receptacle
Point where flower joins stem
Variations existing in flowers
i.
Perfect
Both male and female parts
ii.
Imperfect
Male or Female parts
Mini Quiz
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pistil
c. Pollination
a. Pollination – pollen is transferred
from an anther to a stigma
i.
Self-pollination
uses own pollen
ii.
Cross-pollination
pollen from a different plant
Self Pollination
Cross Pollination
d. Fertilization
= union of egg and sperm
i.
ii.
iii.
Pollen lands on stigma
pollen tube grows into an ovule
sperm is delivered to an egg
Pollination
Fertilization
Pollinators
1. Insects
2. Rain
3. Wind
e. Flower  Fruit
i.
ii.
ovary ripens into a fruit
fruits are filled with seeds
MINI QUIZ: Label this flower diagram from
memory
2
6
7
3
8
4
9
10
Seeds
 An embryo
plant provided
with a food
supply and a
protective coat
Function of Seed Parts
testa - protective covering
cotyledon – stores food
radicle – tip of embryonic root
epicotyl – embryonic stem/leaves
hypocotyl – embryonic root
Hilum – belly button, where egg
attached to mom
Micropyle – pore where pollen tube
connected to egg for sperm entry
Germination
- The development of a seed into a
plant
Germination requirements
a. water
b. oxygen
c. temperature
Various Methods of Seed
Dispersal
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Wind, ex. Maple seeds
Animal (sticky), ex. burrs
Mechanical, pop out, beans
Water, coconut
Birds, ex. Mulberry
Some seeds must pass through a bird or
will not germinate
What processes must occur?
1. osmosis
 2. fertilization
 3. germination
 4. photosynthesis
 5. respiration
 6. transpiration
 7. growth
 8. pollination
 9. mitosis
 10. meiosis

IV. Life Spans of plants
a. Annual – only one year
i.
Ex. Beans, marigolds, etc.
b. Biennial – two years,
first grow a deep roots,
then grow a big top
i.
Ex. Beet, carrot