Download Pollination - GaryTurnerScience

How a Flower is Pollinated
The purpose of all flowers is to
be pollinated and produce seeds
Pollination

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xHkq1e
dcbk4
What do petals do?



Partly used to protect
the male and female
parts of the plant
Some plants use wind
to blow the pollen and
they have small leaves
Plants which use
insects to transfer
the pollen usually
have large petals
which smell and are
brightly coloured
What is the male part?



The male part of
the flower is
called the stamen
It has a long stalk
called the filament
At the top of the
filament is the
anther
What is the anther?

The anther
produces pollen
What is the female part?


Carpels are the
female parts
They are made up
of a stigma, style
and ovary
What is the stigma?


It is at the top of
the carpel
It is sticky which
helps catch pollen
grains
What are the ovaries?

The ovaries are where
the eggs are made
How does pollination take
place?




Pollen grains brush against the insect, it
flies to another plant, the grains rub on
the stigma
The grain of pollen grows a tube, which
goes down the style until it reaches the
ovary
The male part joins with the female part
to form a seed. This is called fertilisation.
After fertilisation the petal drop off
because they are no longer needed

Almost 90% of all flowering plants rely on
animal pollinators for fertilization, and
about 200,000 species of animals act as
pollinators. Of those, 1,000 are
hummingbirds, bats, and small mammals
such as mice. The rest are insects like
beetles, bees, ants, wasps, butterflies and
moths.
Why Are Pollinators Important
to Us?


Worldwide, approximately 1,000 plants grown for
food, beverages, fibers, spices, and medicines need to
be pollinated by animals in order to produce the
goods on which we depend.
Foods and beverages produced with the help of
pollinators include: apples, bananas, blueberries,
chocolate, coffee, melons, peaches, potatoes,
pumpkins, vanilla, almonds.



Pollination can be accomplished by crosspollination or by self-pollination :
Cross-pollination, also called allogamy,
occurs only when pollen is delivered to a
flower from a different plant.
Plants adapted to outcross or cross-pollinate often have
taller stamens than carpels or use other mechanisms to
better ensure the spread of pollen to other plants' flowers.

Self-pollination occurs when pollen from
one flower pollinates the same flower or
other flowers of the same individual. Plants
that can pollinate themselves and produce
viable offspring are called self-fertile.
Plants that cannot fertilize themselves are
called self-sterile, a condition which
mandates cross pollination for the
production of offspring.