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World History
Chapter 14 Section 4
Pages 460-465
Answer the following questions completely.
1. The Soviets were able to stop the German advance in early 1943 by defending
Stalingrad. After this battle the Germans were pushed back to within 40 miles of
Berlin in January of 1945. (461)
2. What were the problems that would prevent an effective invasion of Europe by the
Allies?
 Assault would have come by sea.
 Directly against strong German positions.
3. Explain who was in charge of the D-Day invasion, when it occurred, and where it occurred?
 George Marshall/Dwight Eisenhower
 June 6, 1944
 Beaches of Normandy
4. The victory of the Allies on D-Day (considered as the turning point of the war in Europe)pushed
the Germans back, yet Hitler ordered one last massive counter attack in Belgium. At first this
offensive by the Germans bulged into the Allied lines. This battle became known as the Battle
of the Bulge. However the Allied powers after being reinforce were able to crush the
Germans. They crossed the Rhine River and moved closer to Berlin where they would eventually
meet the Soviets. (461)
5. The Germans surrendered on May 7, 1945, the next day was proclaimed V-E Day, or Victory in
Europe Day. The war had ended after 6 years of fighting. (462)
6. Although the war was over in Europe the war in the Pacific was still going on with Japan. The
Allies were still using the Island Hopping strategy, but had to overcome the great distance to
mount a more forceful attack. There were attacks on Japan, but one island that the Allied
troops wanted to secure was Iwo Jima.
7. Explain what happened at the Battle of Okinawa? (463)
It lasted 3 months and claimed 12,000 American lives and nearly 100,000 Japanese Soldiers.
8. Explain why the American military leaders did not want to invade Japan with troops?
After Iwo Jima & Okinawa, it was estimated that an invasion of Japan would cost 1 million
Americans being killed or wounded
9. However the U.S. had successfully tested the Atomic Bomb in July of 1945. (463)
10. Harry S. Truman became President after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. He would
ultimately be the one who decides to use or not use the atomic bomb.
11. List the advantages and disadvantages of using the atomic bomb.
Advantages
Disadvantages
 Quick end to the war
 Use only as a last resort
 Save lives
12. On July 26, 1945 the Allies issue a demand for the Japanese to surrender. They choose to
not respond. (bombs are dropped)
13. Explain where the atomic bombs were dropped and what happened to the people of those
cities?
 Hiroshima:
August 6: 70,000 die instantly
 Nagasaki:
August 9: 75,000 dead
14. On August 15, 1945 the Japanese under Hirohito surrender on what became known as V-J Day
(464)
15. Explain some of the problems facing Postwar Europe.

Europe laid in ruins. Tens of millions dead. Entire cities, villages, and
farms destroyed. Food, medicine, shelter was scarce.
16. The plan for peace actually began in 1941 at a meeting between Roosevelt and Churchill when
they issued the Atlantic Charter. Later Stalin would join these two at the Tehran
Conference where they worked on the D-Day invasion. Here they agreed to work together in
peace after the war.
17. Once the Allies were on the brink of victory in Europe (1945). The Big Three (Roosevelt,
Churchill, and Stalin) met again at Yalta.
18. What happened at- (465)
Yalta Conference
Discussed how to govern Germany/ USSR kept Poland/ USSR promised to respect
Democracy/ Created United Nations
Potsdam Conference
Difficulty reaching agreements.