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Wind Notes: Remember … • Air has mass and takes up space. • Air pressure – the mass of the air being pulled down on an area of the earth’s surface. • It pushes in all directions - it does not crush objects Factors that affect Air Pressure: 1. Temperature 2. The amount of air above it 3. How fast it is moving Wind: Horizontal movement of air (fluid) from an area of high pressure to low pressure High Pressure Low Pressure example A A to B movement= NO ENERGY (wind) B to A movement= ENERGY (fan) B Wind facts: 1) The greater the pressure difference, (temp difference) The greater the WIND! 2) Described by original direction and speed ex: Northeastern wind at 50mph Measurement of Wind: 1) Wind vane- measures wind direction 2) Anemometer: measures wind speed 3) Wind-chill factor: increased cooling caused by the wind * cool breeze blowing by skin removes heat Two Types: 1) Local Winds 2)Planetary (or Global) Winds Local Wind: effect small areas (beach, lake) 1) SEA BREEZE P P land water Blue = Cool Red = Warm SEA BREEZE * Land heats faster than the water Air above land heats faster • Warm air rises creating LOWER pressure over land • High Pressure over water COOL air moves TOWARD LAND= CLOCKWISE 2).Land Breeze P P land water LAND BREEZE • Land cools faster than water • Pattern of circulation is reversed • Air moves toward water »COUNTERCLOCKWISE Coriolis Force/Effect: • Due to Earth’s rotation, – Winds in Northern Hemisphere curve to the RIGHT = CLOCKWISE – Winds in Southern Hemisphere curve to The LEFT= COUNTERCLOCKWISE NH equator SH PLANETARY/GLOBAL WINDS *Caused by: Uneven heating of Earth’s surface *Warm air rises at the equator and *Cold air sinks at the poles Major Wind Systems • 1) Trade Winds:- steady winds blowing to the southwest. Ships used them (“traders”) to travel with goods. • 2) Prevailing Westerlies:-blow from southwest to northeast. Moves WEATHER across the United States and Canada • 3) Polar Easterlies:due to the Coriolis effect, winds at North pole rotate clockwise. Winds at the South pole rotate counterclockwise 4) Jet Stream:- fast moving streams of air higher than other wind systems. Narrow and Strong Pilots use them • 5) Doldrums:- windless zone at the equator. (remember CONVECTION) • 6) Horse Latitudes:- windless zone at 30 North and 30 south latitudes (Tropic of Cancer/Tropic of Capricorn) Diagram of winds