Download 1.2 Spain in the New World

Unit: 1.2
“Sailing West to Go East”
“Sailing West to Go East”
Vocabulary
• Overseas –
• Line of Demarcation –
• Conquistadors –
Questions
• Name some of the Indigenous groups of the
New World
• What are some examples of new technology
that gave an advantage to the Europeans?
• What is the New World?
Answers
• 1. Aztec, Inca, Mayan, Pueblo, Cherokee,
Huron, Iroquois, Sioux, Hopi, Tobascan,
• 2. Horses, Guns, Cannons, armor, Ships,
military training, and smallpox
• 3. North and South America
1.2 Spain in the New World
Exploring to Colonize
• The age of exploration exposed many new
places to Spain. Soon trading with the new
places did not satisfy the needs of Spain and
colonization became the primary goal.
• Spain led the way in establishing colonies in
the New World (the Americas).
Questions
• Why did Columbus begin his expedition?
• Where did Columbus first land?
• What was created to prevent a war between
Spain and Portugal?
• Who benefited the most from the Line of
Demarcation?
Answers
• 1. To reach Asia and the Indies from the
West.
• 2. The islands of Hispaniola and Cuba
• 3. The Line of Demarcation that separated
Spanish lands from Portuguese lands. The
Treaty of Tortesillas.
• 4. The Spanish
Terms
• Pizarro – a Spanish conquistador that
conquered the South American Inca empire
• Cortez – a Spanish conquistador that
conquered the Aztec empire of Central
Mexico
• Armada – a fleet of Spanish war ships
Terms
• Indigenous – a native or an original
inhabitant of an area
• Conquistador – a Spanish conqueror that
was in search of gold and riches in the New
World.
Columbus
• Columbus established the 1st Spanish
presence in the New World in 1492.
• Although Columbus never realized the
importance of his voyage, other Spanish
explorers picked up where Columbus left
off.
Hernando Cortés
• Shortly after the death of Columbus, many
other Spaniards traveled to the New World.
• Soon the focus was not on exploration, but
conquering the land.
• The Spanish conquerors were called
Conquistadors.
• In 1519 Cortés and his crew landed in what
is today Mexico.
• Soon Cortés learned of a rich and powerful
nation that existed in Central Mexico called
the Aztecs.
• Cortés learned that the Aztecs possessed
large amounts of gold.
• Cortés and his army of 600 Spanish
Conquistadors marched for several weeks
until they found the great Aztec city of
Tenochtitlán
Vocabulary
• Viceroyalties – an area governed by a
viceroy or a governor who represents the
monarch.
• Encomienda – the right to demand labor
from Native American living on the land.
• Immunity – acquired resistance to infection
Vocabulary
• Peninsulares – officials from Spain sent to
the Spanish colonies to see that the laws
were carried out
• Creoles – a social class whose ancestors
were the original Spanish colonists.
Vocabulary
• Mestizos – member of a low social class
descended from Spanish Europeans and
Native American.
• Mulattos – person of low social class who
had ancestors who were Spanish and
African.
View part one of Cortez
Questions
• What was the deadly weapon carried by
Cortez that he did not even know he
possessed?
• What happened to Montezuma when Cortez
marched into the Aztec empire?
• Tenochtitlan became what modern day city?
• The Aztec and the Inca empires became
what Spanish colonies?
Answers
• Diseases like smallpox and typhus fever
decimated the indigenous population and
weakened the Aztec Empire.
• Montezuma was arrested by Cortez and
later killed by the Aztec’s.
• Mexico City
• Viceroyalties of New Spain and New Peru
• When Cortés met the Aztec ruler
Montezuma II, he thought Cortés was a god
and gave him half of all the Aztec gold.
• But this did not satisfy the lust for gold that
Cortés possessed and he planned to fight the
Aztecs for all of their gold.
• On an even playing field, the Spanish
Conquistadors would have been no match
for the fierce Aztec warriors, but the
Europeans (Spanish) had several
advantages.
Spanish Advantages
• The conquistadors, and all European
Imperialist had advantages over the
Indigenous people that they wanted to
conquer.
• Cortés brought guns, horses, and armor with
his soldiers.
• Cortés, as did all European Explorers, also
carried diseases like: measles, mumps,
smallpox, and typhus.
• The Aztec warriors could do little to stop
the Spanish Conquistadors from killing
them, and could do nothing to stop the
diseases that were quickly spreading
through the population.
• Soon, Montezuma II and the Aztec Empire
fell.
• In 1519 there were around 25.3 million
Indigenous people living in Central Mexico.
By 1609 this number was reduced to 1
million
• As deadly as the European gun was, it did
little in comparison to European diseases.
• Soon Spain had established itself as the
leading power in the Americas.
• Other Conquistadors included Francisco
Pizarro who destroyed the Incan Empire in
Central and S. America.
• Spain grew to be the most powerful
European nation during the 16th century.
• Their growth did not go unnoticed, soon
other European nations like England and
France would join Spain in the New World.
•Spain created colonies called Viceroyalties in the New
World.
•The Aztecs and surrounding indigenous groups that
were conquered became the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
•The Incan Empire became the Viceroyalty of New
Peru.
•Spain conquered many areas, but large numbers of
people from Spain did not move to the new
Viceroyalties. The majority of the population in the
Viceroyalties remained indigenous.
•England and France will be the next countries to begin
coming to the New World.