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Chapter 11 Cell Communication PowerPoint® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Overview: The Cellular Internet • Cell-to-cell communication is essential for multicellular organisms • What types of cell signaling have we discussed? Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fig. 11-4 Local Signaling Plasma membranes Gap junctions between animal cells (a) Cell junctions (b) Cell-cell recognition Plasmodesmata between plant cells Fig. 11-5ab Local Signaling Electrical signal along nerve cell triggers release of neurotransmitter Target cell Secreting cell Local regulator diffuses through extracellular fluid (a) Paracrine signaling Neurotransmitter diffuses across synapse Secretory vesicle Target cell is stimulated (b) Synaptic signaling Fig. 11-5c Long-Distance Signaling Endocrine cell Blood vessel Hormone travels in bloodstream to target cells Target cell (c) Hormonal signaling • Hormone – Chemical signal – Secreted into the circulatory system – Communicates regulatory messages • Only Target cells equipped to respond • Hormones Regulate: • Growth • Development • Reproduction • Homeostasis • Concept 45.2: Signal Transduction Pathways 1. RECEPTION Hormones bind to target cell receptors 2. TRANSDUCTION Relays signal 3. RESPONSE Specific cell responses Fig. 11-6-1 EXTRACELLULAR FLUID 1 Reception Receptor Signaling molecule CYTOPLASM Plasma membrane Fig. 11-6-2 CYTOPLASM EXTRACELLULAR FLUID Plasma membrane 1 Reception 2 Transduction Receptor Relay molecules in a signal transduction pathway Signaling molecule Fig. 11-6-3 CYTOPLASM EXTRACELLULAR FLUID Plasma membrane 1 Reception 2 Transduction 3 Response Receptor Activation of cellular response Relay molecules in a signal transduction pathway Signaling molecule • 3 major classes of molecules function as hormones in vertebrates – Water-soluble: 1. Proteins and peptides 2. Amines (derived from amino acids) – Fat-soluble: 3. Steroids Water-Soluble Hormones Where are the Receptors for WaterSoluble hormones located? =Plasma Membrane (a) Receptor in plasma membrane Water-Soluble Hormones 1. 1. RECEPTION= Hormone binds to receptor in PM 2. 2. TRANSDUCTION= signal pathway initiated in cytoplasm (a) Receptor in plasma membrane Water-Soluble Hormones 1. 3. RESPONSE A.CYTOPLASMIC = Protein in cytoplasm activated 2. -ORB. NUCLEAR = Transcription factor in nucleus is activated 3A. 3B. Ex: Epinephrine- nuclear or cytoplasmic response? Lipid-Soluble Hormones Where are the Receptors for Fat-Soluble hormones located? = In the Nucleus 1. Lipid-Soluble Hormones 1. Hormone easily moves through PM cytoplasm 2. RECEPTION= Hormone binds with receptor in nucleus 1. 2. Lipid-Soluble Hormones 3. TRANSDUCTION= Activated receptor binds to DNA transcription 1. 4. RESPONSE= Protein synthesis 2. 3. 4. Lipid-Soluble Hormones 1. Hormone easily moves through PM cytoplasm 1. 2. Hormone binds with receptor in nucleus 3. Activated receptor binds to DNA transcription 2. 3. 4. Protein synthesis 4. Ex Fat-Soluble Hormone: Estradiol Vitellogenin • Estradiol produced by female birds • Liver cells have receptor for estradiol • Hormome-receptor complex binds DNA vitellogenin • Vitellogenin used to produce egg yolk