Download endocrine system - Solon City Schools

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Act by means of hormones, synthesized in glands and secreted in blood
• Hormones- chemical signals that act on target cells; work on specific targets!
• Amino acid based- water soluble; receptor on membrane
• Lipid based- lipid soluble; receptor inside of cell
GLANDS
• True glands- ductless, secrete hormones into circulatory system,
thyroid and pituitary
• Exocrine glands- secrete through a duct to outside
surfaces/organs; not part of endocrine system,
salivary/mammary/sweat
CIRCULATING VS. LOCAL HORMONES
• Circulating hormones- travel
Local hormones- no traveling, only
affect nearby cells
SIGNALING
• Endocrine: travels to distant cells;
need a receptor
• Paracrine: has local effect on cells
nearby
• Autocrine: act on cell that made it
• A cell can be all three!
TRANSPORT AND REMOVAL
Transport of hormones
• Unbound- water soluble; short duration
• Bound- hormones attached to binding proteins; have a prolonged effect
Removal of hormones
1. Degrading enzymes
2. Kidneys
3. Liver enzyme system
ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS
Foreign molecules that interrupt normal function of a hormone pathway
• DDT (pesticide)
• BPA (found in plastic)
• PCB (industrial chemical)
“GOLDILOCKS” PRINCIPLE
• Hypersecretion- too much
• Hyposecretion- too little
• Both lead to an imbalance which can lead to disease/disorder/etc.
HORMONE INTERACTION
LET’S CHECK THE
HORMONE/GLAND CHART!