Download Cell Review EOG Review - Catawba County Schools

Cells are the smallest unit of life.
The Cell Theory States:
•All living things are made of one or more cells
•A cell is the basic unit of structure & function in all living things
•All cell come from other living cells
Robert Hooke first described them as cells.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek was the first person to observe living
cells.
Cells have 2 Classifications
Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes
Illustration
Illustration
Definition
Organisms that have cells
without a true nucleus
Definition
Organisms that have cells
with a membrane-bound
nucleus
How are they different from each other?
Animal Cell
Eukaryotic


Animal cells have many
membrane bound
organelles.
The largest organelle is the
nucleus where the DNA can
be found.
Plant Cell
Eukaryotic



Plant cells consist of
Chloroplast which contains
chlorophyll that is responsible
for a plants green color and
the process of photosynthesis.
Cell walls give the cell strength
and structure
Central vacuoles are larger in
the plant and water and other
materials.
Bacterial Cell
Prokaryotic


Bacteria have NO
NUCLEUS. All
genetic material floats
free inside the cell
Flagella are the small
tail-like structure use
for movement.
Cell organelles have specific jobs
What is the main job of each organelle?
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Controls cell
activities
Stores genetic
information
Controls what
enters and
leaves the cell
semipermeable
Cell organelles have specific jobs
What is the main job of each organelle?
Ribosomes
Synthesizes or
Make proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum
Moves molecules within the cell
Cell organelles have specific jobs
What is the main job of each organelle?
Golgi apparatus
Modifies and
Packages proteins
Lysosomes
Digest nutrients
and old cell parts
and waste
Vesicles
Used to transport
materials
Unicellular vs Multi-cellular
Unicellular
Multicellular
Simpler organisms made of 1 cell More complex organisms than
unicellular and made of many cells
Example:
Bacteria
Example:
Humans
Multicellular Organisms are Complex
Organelles  cells  tissue
 organs
 organ system  organism
Specialized Cells


Multicellular organisms have specialized cells
Cells are shaped according to their function
Nerve cells:
Transmit signals
to brain
Muscle cells:
Responsible for
movement
Skin cells:
protection
Cells Processes: GROWTH
Growth causes cells to become bigger
Cell size is limited!
Cells size depends on what ratio?
Surface to volume
Cells Processes: CELL DIVISION
Cell Division
Cell division causes cells to increase in number
Cell division: Cells divided from one parent to form two (2)
Identical daughter cells
Mitosis – the cell nucleus divides to form 2 new nuclei.
These cells will be identical (Cell Replacement)
Meiosis – Goes through two phases and will result in 4
unique cells (Creation of a new organism)
Remember:
Interphase – cell grows and DNA is copied
Prophase – Prepares to separate
Metaphase – Chromosomes line up it the Middle
Anaphase – Spindle fibers pull Away from one another
Telophase – Now there are Two nuclei
Cytokinesis – the cell’s cytoplasm divides
Cells Processes: ENERGY
Cells are alive so they need energy to stay alive
Cells use energy in what form? Sugar stored as Glucose also known
as ATP
Cells need what 4 macromolecules?
LIPIDS, PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACIDS, CARBOHYDRATES
Through what process do
plants get energy?
Photosynthesis
Where in the cell does
photosynthesis take place?
Chloroplast through
The chlorophyll
Through what process do
animal cells get energy?
Cellular respiration
(uses oxygen)
Fermentation
(does not use oxygen)
Where in the cell do these to
processes take place?
mitochondria
Kingdom Protista
A diverse group of microscopic organisms
Most are unicellular and ALL are eukaryotic (have a nucleus)
Three main groups determined by the way they get their energy
Algae
(plant like)
Protozoa
(animal like)
Decomposer
(fungus like)
Type of cell:
Unicellular
Type of cell:
Unicellular
Type of cell:
Unicellular
Energy:
photosynthesis
Energy:
Eats other microbes
Energy:
Absorption of materials
Protista Groups
Protista
Structure
Movement
Euglena
Unicellular
Flagella
Feeds on others,
photosynthesis
Eyespot
Volvox
Unicellular
Lives in
colonies
Flagella
Makes nutrients
Photosynthesis
chloroplasts
Paramecium
Unicellular
Cilia
Feeds on other
organisms
Amoeba
Unicellular
Pseudopods
Feeds on other
organisms
They elongate
Energy/Food
Special
Feature