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Transcript
Crisis and Rebirth in Europe Late Medieval to the Renaissance 1300-1650 Reformation and Renaissance Botticelli’s Birth of Venus To Review— Economic, Social and Health Crisis • - Famine- partly bad weather • - Plagues caused havoc • Bubonic and Pneumonic • - Peasant revolts- reduced population – lords still wanted work- not enough serfs • Two major revolts during the Hundred Years War. Giovanni Bellini, The Madonna of the Meadow Other changes taking place • Feudalism breaking down towns increasing and kings becoming stronger raise own armies- issue right to tax • England - long struggle to establish Tudor kings (War of Roses) • Spain - Christians uniting to force out Moors • Russia forces out the Mongols • Ottoman Turks take Byzantium 1453 Domenico Ghirlandaio’s Piero di Medici Religious Crisis • Western Church spits with the Eastern orthodox 1054 • Papacy moves to Avignon- French king powerful- resented by others • Vote for another pope- establishes two popes called The Western Schism – Pope in Rome and Anti-pope in Avignon • @ one point there would be 3 people claiming to be pope. • Corruption, conflict - selling church position and indulgences for sins led to the beginnings of The Reformation Botticelli’s Primavera Intellectual Reawakening The Renaissance • Began in Italy- means “rebirth” some see as beginning of modern age with emphasis of individualism • Rebirth of classics- began to study Aristotle, Plato reconcile antiquity with Christianity • Humanism- saw potential in humansbelief in education, change and hope The Ambassadors. Hans Holbein Philosophy of Renaissance • To make people virtuous , see the possibility in improving • Looked to Greeks and Romansrecognized they were superior • Your social studies classes try to make you an “educated, well rounded human i.e. renaissance (wo)man.” Michelangelo's The Last Judgment Heavy Hitters of the Renaissance • Da Vinci – Painter and inventor (genius) • Michelangelo – Sculpture • Raphel – Realism • Machiavelli – “The Prince” • A guidebook on how to rule. The Reformation • Many movements to reform- John Hus in 1415 had called for end of corruption went to Council at Constance- burned • Council said they were directly connected to God and everyone had to listen • Popes themselves had not the models of virtue Michelangelo’s The Creation of Adam The Reformers • John Wycliff – 14th century who called for major changes within the church – Probably the 1st to translate the Bible into English • Johann Gutenberg – Invented the printing press which allowed the ideas of religious change to take hold. Melozzo da Forli’s Angel Musician Northern Renaissance • Shared some of the ideas of the Italian Renaissance. Before 1450, Renaissance in the really only in City-States of Italian. • Unlike the Renaissance in Italy, thinking started to focus on the centralized government. This weakened the church’s position in the north and west. Giotto’s Lamentation Reformation • This is a History 102 Topic, but many of the people and events shaping the Reformation were in the 14th and 15th centuries. • The Reformation was a movement in the 16th century to reform the Catholic Church. – Martin Luther and his 95 theses would be the major event of the movement.