Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Renaissance Revival architecture wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance music wikipedia , lookup
French Renaissance literature wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance architecture wikipedia , lookup
Art in early modern Scotland wikipedia , lookup
Italian Renaissance wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance in Scotland wikipedia , lookup
Renaissance philosophy wikipedia , lookup
Art in the Protestant Reformation and Counter-Reformation wikipedia , lookup
Chapter 12 Renaissance and Reformation 12-1 The Renaissance Renaissance means rebirth Characteristics of the renaissance 1. Italy was an urban society with a secular (worldly/nonreligious) view 2. Age of recovery from the plague, political instability and decline in Church power 3. View of the individuality of human beings emerged Italian City States Milan – one of the richest city-states in Italy Venice – Major trading port in the Mediterranean Florence – controlled by the Medici Family, owned the largest bank in Europe Rome – Spanish king told soldiers who had not been paid in months to sack the city and take their pay. Machiavelli & Castiglone Niccolo Machiavelli – The Prince – one of the most influential writings about political power in the world Baldassare Castiglione – The Book of the Courtier – described characteristics of nobility 1. They are born not made 2. educated warrior 3. follow a certain standard of conduct Family and Marriage Dowry The wife’s family had to pay a sum of money to the husband upon marriage. 12-2 Ideas and Art of the Renaissance Humanism – The study of why people do the things they do grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy and history. Vernacular Literature Humanists used Classical Latin Others began using Vernacular (local language) Dante – Divine Comedy – story of the soul’s journey to salvation Chaucer – wrote the Canterbury Tales in Old English the precursor to our language. Education Students should study History, moral philosophy, eloquence (rhetoric), letters (grammar), poetry, mathematics, astronomy, music, and physical education Women should study religion and morals so they can become good wives and mothers Renaissance Art New Techniques Fresco – painting on wet plaster then it becomes part of the wall when dry Perspective giving the illusion of 3D space Sculptures – marble, free standing structures Studying anatomy to make paintings more accurate. Renaissance Masters Leonardo da Vinci – Scientist (drawings of dissected bodies) inventor (crossbow, flying machine, steam engine) painter (last supper, Mona Lisa) Raphael – painter (school of Athens, various paintings of Mary) Michelangelo – Painter (Sistine Chapel) sculptor (David) “I chipped away everything that was not David” 12-3 The Protestant Reformation Christian Humanism – believed that humans have the ability to reason and improve themselves Desiderius Erasmus – Christianity should show people how to live good lives on a daily basis. Salvation – acceptance to Heaven Indulgence – release from all or part of the punishment for sin. (Church was selling them) Martin Luther Monk in Germany Justification by faith alone – the idea that belief and following Christ is more important than doing good works Ninety-five Theses – attack on the selling of indulgences and other Church practices He was sent into hiding with the Edict of Worms Politics in German Reformation Charles V – Holy roman emperor also known as Charles I king of Spain Ruled Spain, Austria, Bohemia, Hungary, the Low Countries, Milan and Naples. Fought with France over territory Peace of Augsburg ended the religious war in Germany. 12-4 The Spread of Protestantism Divisions in Protestantism People realized that since Luther could split from Catholic then maybe they could split from Lutheranism Led to many other denominations John Calvin Believed in the all powerful nature of God Predestination- God knows who is saved and who is not A great deal of missionary work. Consistory – special court enforcing moral discipline, oversaw moral life, and could punish people who did not follow church rules. Reformation in England King Henry VIII Wanted annulment (marriage declared void) Declared himself head of the Church in England Thomas More spoke out and was beheaded Married 6 times only one son Son became king at 9 then died at 15 Bloody Mary took over and tried to take England back to Catholicism Anabaptists Believed in adult baptism Total separation of church and state Do not believe in war Any and all Christians are priests Ancestors of Amish Catholic Reformation Jesuits – missionaries and completely obedient to the pope Council of Trent – reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to protestant beliefs.