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Judaism, Christianity, and Islam MONOTHEISTIC RELIGIONS COMMON ROOTS All three religions trace their ancestry to Abraham, a man who lived in what is now Iraq about 4000 years ago. All three religions began in the Middle East. All three religions believe in only one allpowerful God. (Monotheism) NAME FOR GOD All three religions have a distinct name for God Judaism – Yahweh Christianity – God (Jesus) Islam - Allah NAME OF PRACTITIONERS People who practice each of these three religions are known by certain names. Judaism – Jews Christianity – Christians Islam - Muslims HOLY BOOK All three religions have a holy book that contains sacred texts or scriptures. Judaism – Torah Christianity – Bible (Old and New Testament) Islam – Quran HOLY BUILDING All three religions have a building used for worship services or other religious purposes. Judaism – Synagogue Christianity – Church Islam - Mosque RELIGIOUS LEADERS All three religions have a designated person who leads religious services, and delivers a message called a sermon. Judaism – Rabbi Christianity – Pastor, Minister, or Priest Islam - Imam PROPHETS All three religions believe in prophets – people who are considered messengers of God’s word. Judaism – Moses, Isaiah Christianity – Isaiah, Jesus Islam - Mohammed SECTS (GROUPS) Each religion is divided into different sects or groups. These sects practice the same religion, but in distinctly different ways. There is often disagreement between sects about how to practice their religion. Judaism – Orthodox, Conservative, Reformed Christianity – Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant Islam – Sunni, Shia BASICS OF JUDAISM - BELIEFS The goal of Judaism is to live a good (moral) life according to the laws of the Torah. Jews believe that following the laws of the Torah and the Ten Commandments will lead a person to live a righteous life in the eyes of God. Jews believe they are God’s chosen people. BASICS OF JUDAISM - PRACTICES Jews practice their religion by observing religious laws set out in the Torah. Some of these include eating only Kosher (approved) foods, observing the Sabbath, and participating in certain religious holidays such as Yom Kippur, Passover, and Rosh Hashanah. BASICS OF CHRISTIANITY - BELIEFS The goal of Christianity is to achieve Salvation. Salvation is the eternal (never-ending) life of one’s soul with God in Heaven. Christians believe that this is achieved by faith in Jesus Christ. Most Christian sects also believe in the Trinity – the concept of God as three parts: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Christians also believe in heaven, hell, and a final Judgement. BASICS OF CHRISTIANITY - PRACTICES Practices vary between sects, but most participate in Baptism ( a ritual washing symbolizing the cleansing of a persons soul from sin) and Communion, which is a recreation of Jesus’ last meal before His crucifixion. BASICS OF ISLAM - BELIEFS The goal of Islam is salvation. Muslims believe living according to God’s guidance will be rewarded with salvation. According to Islam, Muslims must participate in five basic practices, the “Five Pillars”, to achieve salvation. Islam began in Mecca, and Muslims believe in heaven, hell, and a final judgement. BASICS OF ISLAM - PRACTICES Muslims have five basic practices known as the “Five Pillars” Confession of faith Praying five times a day toward Mecca Charity (giving alms (money) to the poor) Fasting during the month of Ramadan Making a Hajj, a pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia, at least once during a person’s lifetime