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A GARDEN FOR BUTTERFLIES Presented by TEXAS DISCOVERY GARDENS “The reintroduction of natural landscape elements into urban and suburban neighborhoods that are otherwise dominated by introduced species may be the greatest contribution to ecosystem conservation that we can make. Planting local native plant species in a rich, well‐planned butterfly garden reduces the isolation of native plants in reserves and parks, provides essential corridors between remaining patches of habitat, and aids in repairing the patchwork of ecosystems that survive. “Plant a tree” is a popular exhortation to those who are concerned about our environment, but significantly more tangible value can be had from planting a garden, a small forest, or a diverse native plant community to support an assemblage of native butterflies. Such local conservation efforts provide not only much‐needed havens for the creatures themselves, but they also offer a promise that future generations will have the opportunity to experience the delight of watching a butterfly flutter about on a fresh spring morning.” Dennis D. Murphy, Director of the Center for Conservation Biology at Stanford University “Butterflies will come to our gardens and flourish if they find nectar and food plants there. Their presence will remind us of the essential bond we have with the natural world. Our hope is that scores of butterfly gardens will emerge in every city, suburb, and town‐‐that gardeners will become directly engaged in the life cycle of butterflies and then in the biological systems of their gardens. By doing so, butterfly gardeners will find themselves guardians and curators of Lepidoptera‐‐and, ultimately, stewards of nature.” Melody Mackey Allen, Executive Director of the Xerces Society The mission of Texas Discovery Gardens is to teach effective ways to restore, conserve and preserve nature in the urban environment, with a focus on gardening organically and sustainably. TDG is a non‐profit 501(c)3 organization, supported in part by funds from the Dallas Park and Recreation Department. Butterfly Gardening! How to attract Aurelian delights to your backyard Why garden for butterflies? • Butterflies invoke pleasure in most people. Their bright colors and seemingly carefree lives instill a sense of wonder and serenity. • Butterflies are ecologically important to the environment. They pollinate the plants they visit for nectar and are the prey of other species. • Butterflies are excellent environmental indicators and are among the first species to leave an area that is damaged or degraded. Conservation is therefore a good reason for gardening for these insects. What is a butterfly? • Butterflies are insects and together with skippers and moths make up the order Lepidoptera, which means ‘scaly‐winged’. All members of this group have this character. How do they differ from moths? • Butterflies differ from moths in three major ways, although there are exceptions to the ‘rules.’ • Butterfly antennae are clubbed or swollen at the end, most moths have simple hair‐like, feather‐like, or comb‐like antennae. • Butterflies have slender, smooth‐looking bodies whereas most moths have thick furry bodies. • Butterflies rest with the wings folded upright, most moths with the wings folded over the body tent‐like or flat. Gardening basics • To attract butterflies to your garden you need to provide both adult and larval plants. • Nectar plants provide the adults with nourishment and are what most people plant when they want butterflies. Flowers that attract butterflies often have heads of blooms and a sturdy landing platform. Most are in shades of yellow, white, lavender, and pink. • Host plants are those that are used in larval (caterpillar) development. Butterflies are territorial and usually select their territory based on host plant availability. • Research what species are in your area. Texas is home to about 450 species of butterflies and due to its great range of environments, they live from the eastern forests to the western deserts. Not all species live throughout the state though so garden for what is likely to be in your area. • Select the best location for your garden. Butterflies are sun‐loving creatures and prefer the brightest areas out of the way of strong winds. Texas Discovery Gardens at Fair Park • 3601 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard 214-428-7476 • www.texasdiscoverygardens.org • • • • Select for greatest impact – In addition to nectar and host plants, butterflies require shelter in the form of hiding places such as bushes and clumps of grasses. Rocks are appreciated as basking areas since they must warm themselves up before flight. Male butterflies visit the edges of puddles, streams and ponds for the water and nutrients vital for sexual maturity. Include a water feature such as a muddy‐edged pond or bird bath. Select the right plants. These can be found by reading up on each species you are trying to attract. Maintenance of the garden. Expect your host plants to show damage. After all, the caterpillars will be eating them! Texas Butterflies Eastern Black Swallowtail – Papilio polyxenes – umbelliferous plants such as dill, fennel, parsley, carrot, water hemlock, etc. Eastern Tiger Swallowtail – Pterourus glaucus – wild cherry, sweet bay, yellow poplar Giant Swallowtail – Heraclides cresphontes – citrus, rue, hop ash, prickly ash Pipevine Swallowtail – Battus philenor – pipevines Alfalfa Butterfly – Colias eurytheme – alfalfa, white clover Cloudless Sulphur – Phoebis sennae – senna, candelabra tree, cassia Sleepy Orange – Abaeis nicippe – partridge pea, cassia, senna Little Sulphur – Pyristia lisa – partridge pea, cassia, senna Dainty Yellow – Nathalis iole – Spanish needles, beggars tick, wild marigold Imported Cabbage Butterfly – Artogeia rapae – cruciferous plants such as cabbage, broccoli, turnips, mustard greens, water cress, etc. Checkered White – Pontia protodice – cruciferous plants such as those listed above plus shepherd’s purse, tansy‐mustard, peppergrass Falcate Orangetip – Falcapica midea – wils spcies of crucifers such as rockcress, peppergrass, bitter‐cress , rocket mustard, sickle‐pod Great Purple Hairstreak – Atlides halesus – mistletoes White‐M Hairstreak – Parrhasius m‐album – oaks, especially in the white oak (Q. alba) and live oak groups Olive Hairstreak – Callophrys (Mitoura) gryneus – junipers Henry’s Elfin – Callophrys (Incisalia) henrici – redbud Gray Hairstreak – Strymon melinus – malvaceous plants such as Sida, Turks cap, globe mallows, etc. and legumes such as scalet runner bean, Lima bean, etc. Soapberry Hairstreak – Phaeostrymon Alcestis – Western soapberry Southern Hairstreak – Fixenia favonius – oaks Banded Hairstreak – Satyrium calanus – oaks, walnut, hickory Red‐banded Hairstreak – Calycopis cecrops – decaying leaves of many shrubs and trees Texas Discovery Gardens at Fair Park • 3601 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard 214-428-7476 • www.texasdiscoverygardens.org Dusky‐blue Hairstreak – Calycopis isobeon – decaying leaves of many shrubs and trees Eastern‐tailed Blue – Cupido comyntas ‐ many leguminous herbs such as bush clovers, clovers, alfalfa, beggars lice, etc. Spring Azure – Celastrina spp. – dogwood, New Jersey tea, Viburnum Snout Butterfly – Libytheana carineta – hackberry, sugarberry Variegated Fritillary – Euptoieta claudia – violets, passionflower, Maypop, blue flax Gulf Fritillary – Agraulis vanillae – passionflower, Maypop Gorgone Checkerspot – Chlosyne gorgone – sunflowers, crossword, other composites Silvery Checkerspot – Chlosyne nycteis – wingstem, sunflowers, asters, black‐eyed Susan, crownbeard Pearl Crescent – Phyciodes tharos –asters Phaon Crescent – Phyciodes phaon – fog fruit Texas Crescent – Anthanassa texana – acanthaceous plants such as shrimp plant, Ruellia, flame acanthus, tubetongue, Dicliptera, water‐willow Mourning Cloak – Nymphalis antiopa – elm, hackberry, sugarberry, willow Questionmark –Polygonia interrogationis – elm, hackberry, sugarberry Comma, Hop Merchant – Polygonia comma – hops, nettle, false nettle, elm Painted Lady – Vanessa cardui – thistles, cardoon, sunflower American Painted Lady – Vanessa virginiensis – cudweeds, everlastings Red Admiral – Vanessa atalanta – nettle, false nettle, pellitory Buckeye – snapdragon, snapdragon vine, toadflax, false foxglove, ruellia, fog fruit, lemon verbena, plantain Red‐spotted Purple – Limenitis arthemis astyanax – wild cherry, apple, plum California Sister – Adelpha bredowii – oaks, especially evergreen species Hackberry Butterfly – Asterocampa celtis – hackberry, sugarberry Tawny Emperor – Asterocampa clyton – hackberry, sugarberry Monarch – Danaus plexippus – milkweeds Queen – Danaus gilippus – milkweeds Goatweed Leafwing – Anaea andria – goatweed, croton Little Wood Satyr – Megisto cymela – various grasses Red Satyr – Megisto rubricata – Bermuda grass, St. Augustine grass Carolina Satyr – Hermeuptychia sosybius – carpet grass, centipede grass, prob. other grasses Common Wood Nymph – Cercyonis pegala – purpletop and other large grasses Gemmed Satyr – Cylopsis gemma – Bermuda grass Texas Discovery Gardens at Fair Park • 3601 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard 214-428-7476 • www.texasdiscoverygardens.org BUTTERFLY HABITAT DESIGN Identify butterflies native to your area. Assess the yard or garden space in its present state, noting trees, shrubs, &herbaceous flowering plants that are a food source for butterflies & caterpillars. Select a variety of plants that will attract butterflies to your garden. Include a selection of larval food &adult nectar plants. Locate the garden in full sun, or an area that receives at least 4 hours of sunlight. Provide a windbreak or screen of trees, shrubs or a fence to block excessive wind. Plan for continuous bloom through the butterfly season (February thru November). Use groups of plants to display splashes of color to attract more butterflies. Plant single flower varieties, which are easier for butterflies to nectar upon. To encourage butterfly visitation, include a water source for puddling or rotted fruit for the sap feeding butterflies. Garden organically to attract butterflies and other beneficial insects. Record your butterfly visitors, taking note of the plants that appear to be their favorite nectar sources. For further information: Butterfly Garden Programs & Butterfly Habitat Certification John Watts, Entomologist – [email protected] Roger Sanderson, Director of Horticulture – [email protected] Program & Volunteer Opportunities Jennifer Hoffman – [email protected] Children’s Programming Erin Shields – [email protected] The Dallas County Lepidopterists’ Society Dale Clark – www.dallasbutterlies.com Texas Discovery Gardens at Fair Park • 3601 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard 214-428-7476 • www.texasdiscoverygardens.org Native and Adapted Plants for a Diverse Butterfly Garden Buy/grow organic plants, protect your garden from strong winds, and choose a sunny spot to attract native butterflies. Try to keep from cleaning up too much plant material in the fall; many species overwinter in leaf litter or on plants in chrysalis form. Top Native and Adapted Butterfly Host Plants Caterpillar host plants, also referred to as larval food plants, are the plant species on which a female butterfly will lay eggs. The caterpillars will then feed upon this plant until they pupate (form a chrysalis). Plant at least 3‐5 of each plant in order to accommodate hungry caterpillars! Note: these host plants also make great nectar plants for butterflies and/or other pollinators. 1. Hop Ash, Ptelea trifoliata Butterfly: Giant Swallowtail 2. Passionvine, Passiflora incarnata, P. lutea Butterfly: Gulf Fritillary 3. Fennel, Foeniculum vulgare, Dill, Anethum graveolens Butterfly: Eastern Black Swallowtail 4. Rue, Ruta graveolens Butterfly: Eastern Black Swallowtail, Giant Swallowtail 5. Milkweed, Asclepias sp. Butterfly: Monarch, Queen 6. Hackberry, Celtis sp. Butterflies: Hackberry, Snout, and Tawny Emperor butterflies 7. Pipevine, Aristolochia sp. Butterflies: Pipevine Swallowtail 8. Frogfruit, Phyla nodiflora Butterflies: Buckeye, Phaon Crescentspot 9. Sennas, Senna sp. Butterflies: Giant Cloudless Sulphur, Orange Sulphur, Little Yellow, Sleepy Orange 10. False nettle, Boehmeria cylindrica Butterflies: Red Admiral, Question Mark, Eastern Comma 11. False Indigo, Amorpha fruticosa Butterfly: Dogface butterfly, Silver‐spotted Skipper, Gray Hairstreak 12. Clammyweed, Polanasia dodecandra Butterfly: Great Southern White, Checkered White Top Native and Adapted Butterfly Nectar Plants Butterfly Nectar plants provide nourishment for most butterfly species in the nectar, and sometimes pollen, contained in the flowers. 1. Lantana, Lantana sp. 2. Verbena, Verbena sp. 3. Gregg’s Mist Flower, Eupatorium greggii 4. Frostweed, Verbesina virginica 5. Pentas, Pentas lanceolata 6. Autumn Sage, Salvia greggii 7. Buttonbush, Cephalanthus occidentalis 8. Hummingbird Bush, Anisacanthus quadrifidus 9. Coral Honeysuckle, Lonicera sempervirens 10. Blackfoot Daisy, Melampodium leucanthum 11. Zinnia, Zinnia sp. (Do not buy double petal varieties. Pollinators can’t access the nectar.) 12. Mexican Sunflower, Tithonia rotundifolia Texas Discovery Gardens at Fair Park • 3601 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard 214‐428‐7476 • www.texasdiscoverygardens.org BUTTERFLY NECTAR PLANTS SEASON OF BLOOM SPRING ANNUALS Delphinium sp. Petunia x hybrida Viola sp. Zinnia spp. PERENNIALS Achillea sp. Allium sp. Camassia scilloides Centranthus ruber Dalea wrightii Dianthus sp. Engelmannia pinnatifida Gaillardia sp. Iberis sempervirens Marshallia caespitosa Phlox divaricata Phlox stolonifera Phlox sublata Phyla nodiflora Salvia sp. Scabiosa columbaria Sisyrinchium spp. Verbena spp. Viola sp. SHRUBS Berberis trifoliolata Buddleia marrubiifolia Ceanothus sp. Cornus drummondii Itea virginica Philadelphus spp. Prunus rivularis Spiraea sp. Viburnum rufidulum TREES Amelanchier laevis Larkspur Petunia Johnny Jump Ups Zinnia Yarrow Chives, Onions Wild Hyacinth Red Valerian Wright Dalea Garden Pinks, Carnations Engelmann Daisy Blanket‐flower Candytuft Barbara’s Buttons Wild Sweet William Creeping Phlox Thrift Frog‐fruit Salvia Scabiosa Blue‐eyed Grass Verbena Pansies, Violets Agarita Woolly Butterfly‐bush Ceanothus, Red‐root Rough‐leaf Dogwood Virginia Sweetspire Mock‐orange Creek Plum Bridal Wreath Rusty Blackhaw Viburnum Serviceberry Texas Discovery Gardens • 3601 Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard 214‐428‐7476 • www.texasdiscoverygardens.org Arbutus texana Crataegus sp. Ilex decidua Ilex vomitoria Malus ioenensis Prunus caroliniana Prunus mexicana Prunus serotina var. eximia VINES Gelsemium sempervirens Lonicera sempervirens Madrone Hawthorn Possumhaw Yaupon Prairie Crabapple Cherry Laurel Mexican Plum Choke Cherry Carolina‐jessamine Coral Honeysuckle SUMMER ANNUALS Centaurium sp. Cosmos sp. Cuphea sp. Gomphrena globosa Helianthus sp. Heliotropium indica Melampodium leucanthum Monarda sp. Pentas lanceolata Tagetes hybrids Tithonia rotundifolia Verbesina enceloides Zinnia hybrids PERENNIALS Anisacanthus sp. Asclepias sp. Caesalpinia gilliesii Coreopsis sp. Echinacea purpurea Eupatorium fistulosum Eupatorium greggii Lantana sp. Liatris sp. Lobelia sp. Phlox paniculata Rudbeckia sp. Salvia sp. Verbena sp. Vernonia sp. SHRUBS Abelia grandiflora Bachelor Buttons Cosmos Cuphea Globe Amaranth Sunflowers Heliotrope Blackfoot Daisy Bee Balm Pentas Marigold Mexican Sunflower Cowpen Daisy Zinnia Anisacanthus Butterfly Weed Bird of Paradise Coreopsis, Tickseed Coneflower Joe Pye‐weed Gregg’s Mist Thoroughwort Lantana Gayfeather Cardinal Flower Summer Phlox Black‐eye Susan Salvia Verbena Ironweed Glossy Abelia Texas Discovery Gardens at Fair Park • 3601 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. 214-428-7476 • www.TexasDiscoveryGardens.org Aloysia gratissima Amorpha fruticosa Buddleia sp. Cephalanthus occidentalis Eysenhardtia sp. Leucophyllum frutescens Malvaviscus arboreus Pavonia lasiopetala TREES Acacia sp. Albizia julibrissin Leucaena retusa Prosopis glandulosa VINES Polygonum aubertii Senecio confusus Bee‐brush False Indigo Butterfly Bush Buttonbush Kidneywood Cenizo, Texas Sage Turks Cap, Drummond Wax‐mallow Rose Pavonia Acacia Mimosa Golden Ball Lead‐tree Honey Mesquite Silver Lace Vine Mexican Flame Vine FALL ANNUALS Heliopsis healianthoides PERENNIALS Aster sp. Chrysanthemum sp. Eupatorium coelestinum Physostegia virginiana Salvia leucantha Salvia sp. Sedum spectabile Solidago sphacelata Verbesina virginiana Zephyranthes robusta Zephyranthes sulphurea SHRUBS Buddleia lindleyana Eupatorium havanense Eupatorium odoratum VINES Clematis paniculata Passiflora sp. False Sunflower Fall Aster Chrysanthemums Hardy Ageratum Obedient Plant Mexican Bush Sage Salvia Showy Sedum Goldenrod Frostweed Pink Rain Lily Yellow Rain Lily Butterfly Bush Thoroughwort Fragrant Eupatorium Sweet Autumn Clematis Passionvine Texas Discovery Gardens at Fair Park • 3601 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. 214-428-7476 • www.TexasDiscoveryGardens.org Many summer blooming annuals and perennials will remain in flower until the first hard frost, including the following: Asclepias sp. Butterfly Weed Buddleia sp. Butterfly Bush Cosmos sp. Cosmos Cuphea sp. Cuphea Echinacea purpurea Coneflower Eupatorium fistulosum Joe Pye‐weed Gomphrena globosa Globe Amaranth Helianthus sp. Sunflowers Lantana sp. Lantana Liatris sp. Gayfeather Malvaviscus arboreus Turks Cap, Drummond Wax‐mallow Melampodium leucanthum Blackfoot Daisy Pavonia lasiopetala Rose Pavonia Pentas lanceolata Pentas Polygonum aubertii Silver Lace Vine Tagetes hydrids Marigold Verbena sp. Verbena Zinnia hybrids Zinnia Texas Discovery Gardens at Fair Park • 3601 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. 214-428-7476 • www.TexasDiscoveryGardens.org The Milkweed Community Careful observation of the milkweed community and the interactions of its diverse members provide a fascinating glimpse into the complex interdependence of living organisms. There are about 110 species of milkweed in North America and 36 species native to Texas. At Texas Discovery Gardens, Asclepias curassavica, or Mexican milkweed is planted throughout the gardens and is available for sale most of the year. Many insects are attracted to the nectar and pollen of milkweed flowers. Other insects may feed on milkweed leaves, seeds, stems or roots. Predatory insects and arachnids are attracted to the plentiful prey population. Many more species may be found resting temporarily on the plants. You must look carefully on top and under flowers and leaves. Stay on the path, and walk quietly up to a plant. Insects scared off may return if you remain still. Scan the leaves, flowers, seedpods, and stems for unusual shapes, color, or activity. Watch for signs like chewed leaves and frass (caterpillar droppings). Once you have found a milkweed community member, watch for it again. Note the effects of time, season, temperature, and weather condition, as well as age and condition of the milkweed plant, have on the activity seen. Milkweeds are perennial plants, meaning an individual plant lives for more than one year, growing each spring from rootstock and seeds, rather than seeds alone. Our native milkweeds were historically common and widespread on prairies, but habitat destruction has reduced their range and numbers. Plant milkweed to encourage the return of its inhabitants! The name “milkweed” comes from the plant’s milky sap that contains latex and a toxic alkaloid which adversely affects birds and mammals. Many insects avoid milkweed, but some insects, most famously the Monarch butterfly caterpillar, have adapted to feeding on milkweed. Tropical milkweed sap is more toxic than our local milkweed species. Avoid contact between yourself and the plant sap. Unlike many flowers whose pollen is a powder, milkweed flowers transfer their pollen in a pair of waxy packets. This packet attaches to the legs, proboscis or bristly hairs of insects sipping nectar from the flowers. Flying above the milkweed are bees and wasps. Bumblebees, carpenter bees, honeybees and wasps drink nectar, but several kinds of wasps catch caterpillars for their young. The black-and-orange queen or monarch butterflies feed and lay eggs, but other butterflies will drink milkweed’s nectar. Look for a metallic insect- a predatory long-legged fly. Dragonflies search for insects, too. Nursery web spiders hunt from leaves or stems, and crab spiders crouch on flowers. On the new growth are yellow aphids, food for several species of ladybird beetles. Ants and other insects eat the aphid’s honeydew. Plant bugs with long antennae crawl slowly on the leaves. Bigger assassin bugs look for prey. The black bug with the red X on back is the small milkweed bug. The large milkweed bug is mostly red with a black band. The five-sided stinkbugs can be predatory or plant-sucking. The praying mantis will catch and eat all insects! Monarchs lay cream-colored eggs on the underside of leaves. Caterpillars feed there also. Caterpillars are identified in one of five instars, or sizes, from 2mm to 45mm. Also, look for arc-shaped holes, or irregular leaf edges where caterpillars have been feeding. Disturbed caterpillars may drop off the leaf for protection. You may see a large caterpillar wandering along the ground- they pupate on plants in other locations, and it is searching for a protected site to prepare its chrysalis. This page contains excerpts from Milkweed, Monarchs and More, by Ba Rea, Karen Oberhauser, and Michael Quinn Texas Discovery Gardens, POB 152537, Dallas, TX 75315 214-428-7476 www.texasdiscoverygardens.org Host and Nectar Plants for Butterflies Latin Name Common Name Type Height Light Origin Bloom Nectar Yes Yes Yes Host Plant for Abelia grandiflora Acacia wrightii Allium spp. Althaea zebrina Glossy Abelia Wright Acacia Chives French Hollyhock shrub tree perennial perennial 8' 6'-10' 8"+ 3' sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun/pt shade non-native native non-native non-native Jun-Oct Apr-May May-Jun Spr-Fall Amorpha fruticosa Anisacanthus quadrifidus Anethum graveolens Aristolochia fimbriata Aristolochia tomentosa Asclepias asperula Ascelepias curassavica Aslepias incarnata Asclepias viridis Berberis trifoliata Buddleia davidii Caesalpinia gillesii Cephalanthus occidentalis Cercis canadensis False Indigo Flame Acanthus Dill Pipevine Woolly Pipevine Antelope-Horns Mexican Milkweed Swamp Milkweed Green Milkweed Agarito Butterfly Bush Bird of Paradise Buttonbush Redbud shrub perennial annual vine vine perennial annual perennial perennial shrub shrub shrub shrub tree 2'-15' 2'-4' 18" 3'-6' to 50' 8"-2' 3' 5' 2' 3'-6' 3'-12' 8'-10' 3'-15' 10'-20' sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun sun sun sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun sun sun/pt shade native native non-native non-native native native native non-native native native non-native native native native Apr-June June-Fall May-July Jun-Sep Mar-May Mar-Nov May-Oct May-Jun Mar-Sep Mar-Apr May-Frost Spr-Fall Jun-Sep March Chasmanthium latifolium Clerodendrum bungei Coreopsis sp. Dalea greggii Dalea frutescens Dicliptera bracheata Dicliptera suberecta Diospyros texana Inland Sea Oats Cashmere Bouquet Tickseed Dalea Black Dalea Perennial Dicliptera Velvet Honeysuckle Texas Persimmon Coneflower Gregg's Mist Flower Apache Plume Fennel Blanket Flower Globe Amaranthus Standing Cypress Lantana Coral Honeysuckle perennial 2'-4' perennial 5'x4' perennial 1'-2' perennial 4"-9" perennial 3'-4' perennial 14"-28" perennial 2'-3tree 10'-15' perennial 2' perennial 8" shrub 6' biennial/pere 2'-5' per/annual 1' annual 18" biennia 5' per/annual 3'-5' vine 10'plus shade/pt shade pt/shade-shade sun/pt shade sun sun pt/shade-shade sun sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun sun sun sun/pt shade Celia's Roadside Skipper, Common native Summer Roadside Skipper non-native May,Oct Yes Yes native/hybrids Apr-June native May-Sep Yes Dog Face native June-Oct Yes Dog Face native July-Frost Texas Crescentspot native June-Sep Yes Gray Hairstreak native Early Spring native Apr-May Yes native May-Oct Yes native May-Dec Yes non-native May-June Yes Black Swallowtail native Apr-May Yes non-native Spr-Frost Yes native Apr-May Yes native May-Oct Yes Gray Hairstreak, Painted Lady native Spr-Fall Yes Spring Azure Copyright T.Dombrowski, Texas Discovery Gardens, 2005 Eupatorium greggii Fallugia paradoxa Foeniculum vulgare Gaillardia grandiflora Gomphrena globosa Ipomopsis rubra Lantana spp. Lonicera sempervirens Silver-Spotted Skipper Painted Lady Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Gray Hairstreak, Silver-Spotted Skipper, Hoary Edge, Cloudy Wing, Dogface Janais Patch, Texas Crescentspot Black Swallowtail Pipevine Swallowtail Pipevine Swallowtail Monarch,Queen Monarch, Queen Monarch, Queen Monarch, Queen Henry's Elfin Host and Nectar Plants for Butterflies Latin Name Lythrum salicaria Common Name Purple Loosestrife Type perennial Height Light 3' sun/pt shade Medicago sativa Alfalfa perennial 3' Melampodium leucanthemum Monarda didyma Passiflora caerulea Passiflora incarnata Passiflora x 'Incense' Pentas lanceolata Petroselinum crispum Philadelphus ernestii Phlox paniculata Phyla nodiflora Physostegia virginiana Blackfoot Daisy Beebalm Blue Crown Maypop Passionvine Pentas Parsley TX Mock Orange Phlox Frogfruit Obedient Plant perennial perennial vine vine vine annual biennial shrub perennial perennial perennial 8"-1' 3'x3' 10'plus 10'plus 12' 18" 1'-3' 3' 3' 3"x1' 3'-4' Polanisia dodecandra Clammyweed annual Prosopis juliflora Mesquite Prunus rivularis Prunus serotina Ptelea trifoliata Rhus aromatica Rudbeckia spp. Ruellia brittoniana Ruta graveolens Salvia greggii Sedum spectabile Senna alata Senna corymbosa Thymus spp. Tithonia rotundifolia Ungnadia speciosa Verbena spp. Verbesina virginica Viola spp. Zanthoxylum clava-herculis Zinnia spp. Creek Plum Black Cherry Hop Ash Fragrant Sumac Black-eyed Susan Mexican Petunia Rue Autumn Sage Sedum Emperor's Candlestick Argentine Senna Thyme Mexican Sunflower Mexican Buckeye Verbena Frostweed Violet Hercule's Club Zinnia Nectar Yes Host Plant for Origin native Bloom June-Aug sun/pt shade non-native April sun sun sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun sun/shade sun/pt shade native non-native non-native native hybrid non-native non-native native native native native May-Nov Jun-Jul Jun-Sep Jun-Sep May-Sep Sp-Fall Spr-Fall April June-Aug Spr-Fall Aug-Sep Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes sun native Mar-Oct Yes tree 20'-30' sun native Mar-Sept Yes tree tree tree shrub perennial perennial perennial perennial perennial annual perennial perennial annual tree perennial perennial perennial tree annual 12' 60' 24' 3'-8' 2'-12' 3' 3'x2' 2'-3' 1'-2' 10' 10' 2"-4" 3' 8'-12' 6"-1' 3'-7' 6"-12" 15' 8"-12" native native native native native/non-na native non-native native non-native non-native non-native non-native non-native native both native both native non-native Mar-Apr Yes Tiger Swallowtail, Red Spotted Purple Mar-Apr Yes Spring Azure, Viceroy, Tiger Swallowtail Mar-June Giant Swallowtail, Tiger Swallowtail Feb-Mar Red-banded Hairstreak Jun-Sep Yes Silvery Checkerspot June-Oct Yes Texas Crescentspot Sep-Oct Giant Swallowtail, Black Swallowtail Apr-Nov Yes July-Nov Yes Gray Hairstreak Aug-Oct Cloudless Sulfur,, GraygHairstreak p , Sleepy Orange Sep-Nov Mar-May Yes June-Oct Yes Mar-Apr Yes May-Nov Yes Oct-Nov Yes April Variegated Fritillary Apr-May Giant Swallowtail May-Oct Yes Copyright T.Dombrowski, Texas Discovery Gardens, 2005 2' sun/pt shade sun sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun sun sun sun/pt shade sun/pt shade sun sun/pt shade sun sun sun/pt shade sun sun Dogface, Orange Sulfur, Gray Hairstreak, Painted Lady Yes Yes Gulf Fritillary, Variegated Fritillary Gulf Fritillary, Variegated Fritillary Gulf Fritillary, Variegated Fritillary Tersa Sphinx Moth Black Swallowtail Buckeye, Phaon Crescent Cabbage White, Great Southern White Longtail Skipper, Reakirt's Blue, Ceraunus Blue Retail Sources for Butterfly Plants Eden’s Organic Garden 4710 Pioneer Rd, Balch Springs 214‐348‐3336 www.safe‐garden.com Nicholson Hardie 5725 West Lovers Lane Dallas, TX 75209 214‐357‐4348 North Haven Gardens Inc. 7700 Northaven Road Dallas, Texas 75230 214‐363‐5316 Organic Dynamics 1515 US Highway 80 E Mesquite, TX 75150‐5621 (972) 216‐5296 Redenta’s 2001 Skillman St. Dallas, Texas 75206 214‐823‐9421 www.redentas.com Rohde's Nursery & Nature Store 1651 Wall St., Garland Texas 972‐864‐1934 www.beorganic.com MAIL ORDER Forest Farm 990 Tetherow Road Williams, Oregon 97544‐9599 503‐846‐6963 (11:00 AM & 5:00 PM) Native American Seed 3400 Long Prairie Road Flower Mound, Texas 75028 214‐539‐0534 Wildseed, Incorporated 1101 Campo Rosa Road P.Ol Box 308 Eagle Lake, Texas 77434 409‐234‐7207 Park Seed Co. Cokesbury Road Greenwood, SC 29647‐0001 Plant Delights Nursery Inc. 9241 Sauls Rd. Raleigh, NC 27603 919‐772‐4794 www.plantdelights.com Thompson & Morgan P.O. Box 1308 Jackson, NJ 08527‐0308 1‐800‐274‐7333 Shades of Green 8801 Coit Road, Frisco, Texas 972‐335‐9095 Weston Gardens 8101 Anglin Drive Fort Worth, Texas 76410 817‐572‐0549 Texas Discovery Gardens at Fair Park • 3601 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. 214-428-7476 • www.texasdiscoverygardens.org Bibliography Butterfly Gardening Ajilvsgi, Geyata. 1990. Butterfly Gardening for the South. Texas: Taylor Publishing Company. Brooklyn Botanic Garden. 1995. Butterfly Gardens, Luring Nature’s Loveliest Pollinators to Your Yard. BBG Publication, Handbook #143. ISBN 0-945352-88-3 Grissell, Eric, & Goodpasture, Carll. 2001. Insects and Gardens: In Pursuit of a Garden Ecology. Timber Press, ISBN 0881925047 Rothschild, M., & C. Farrell. 1983. The Butterfly Gardener. London: Michael Joseph Ltd/Rainbow. Schneck, Marcus. 1994. Creating a Butterfly Garden. Fireside, ISBN: 0671892460 Sedenko, Jerry. 1991. The Butterfly Garden: Creating Beautiful Gardens to Attract Butterflies. New York: Villard Books. Tekulsky, Mathew. 1985. The Butterfly Garden. Boston: The Harvard Common Press. ISBN: 0916782697 Warren, E. J. M. 1988. The Country Diary Book of Creating a Butterfly Garden. New York: Henry Holt and Company. Xerces Society 1998. Butterfly Gardening: Creating Summer Magic in Your Garden. Sierra Club Books, ISBN: 0871569752 Butterfly Identification Guides Brock, Jim & Kaufman, Kenn. 2003. Butterflies of North America. Houghton Mifflin Co. ISBN 0-618-25400-5 Carter, David J. 1992. The Eyewitness Handbook of Butterflies and Moths. London: Dorling Kindersley Ltd. Howe, W.H. (ed.) 1975. The Butterflies of North America. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday Press. Neck, Raymond W. 1996. A Field Guide to Texas Butterflies. Houston Texas Gulf Publishing Company. ISBN 0-87719243-X Opler, Paul A. 1992. A Field Guide to Eastern Butterflies. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. Scott, J.A. 1986. The Butterflies of North America: A Natural History and Field Guide. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. Tilden, J.W. and A.C. Smith. 1986. A Field Guide to Western Butterflies. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Tveten, John and Gloria, 1996. Butterflies of Houston and Southeast Texas. Austin Texas: University of Texas Press. ISBN 0-292-78142-3 Walton, Richard and Paul Opler. 1990. Familiar Butterflies of North America. Alfred Knopf. ISBN Q679-72981-X Wright, Amy Bartlett. 1993. Peterson First Guides to Caterpillars of North America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Visit the Dallas County Lepidopterists Society webpage for more reference books on moths and butterflies! www.dallasbutterflies.com Texas Discovery Gardens at Fair Park 3601 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. 214-428-7476 www.TexasDiscoveryGardens.org Native Butterfly Checklist Date Month-Day-Year Time/Location Butterfly (egg/larvae/pupa) Activity/Plant _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Texas Discovery Gardens at Fair Park. 3601 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. 214-428-7476. www.texasdiscoverygardens.org TEXAS DISCOVERY GARDENS BUTTERFLY HABITAT PROGRAM Application for Certification Name:__________________________________________________________________________________ Address:_________________________________________________________________________________ City:_________________________________________State:______________Zip:_____________________ Daytime Phone Number: _____________________________ Home Phone ___________________________ E-mail: _____________________________________ Did you take our butterfly gardening workshop? Yes No I. Caterpillar Food Plants (Larval Food Plants)-- List the Trees, Shrubs, Annuals and Perennials that feed butterfly larvae: Continue on a separate page if needed. Trees & Shrubs Qty. Annuals & Perennials Qty. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ II. Butterfly Nectar Plants - List the Trees, Shrubs, Annuals and Perennials that provide sugar and pollen for Butterfly Adults. Continue on a separate page if needed. Trees & Shrubs Qty. Annuals & Perennials Qty. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 III. Water / Mud for Puddling -- Describe your method for providing a water source for butterflies and/or a mud source for extra water and minerals. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Feeders (Optional) - Describe any butterfly feeders and the number used. If you are providing rotted fruit for the sap feeding species, please describe your feeder and food source. Note: trees such as a mulberry or plum will provide sap if the fruit is left to ripen and ferment on the ground. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Habitat Design How many hours of sun does the area receive daily during the summer? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Which direction does it face? (North, South, East, West) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Is there a windbreak? Please describe. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ What is the approximate size of the habitat? (Square Feet or Acres) ___________________________________ 2 List any large trees or shrubs that could provide roosting and shelter. Tree or Shrub Number Size ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VI. Pest Control - Please describe any methods or substances used in the habitat for pest control. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ VII. Is there additional information you wish to add regarding your butterfly habitat? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ OPTIONAL: You may include a sketch of your habitat design or non-returnable photos. Certification is $35 and includes a complimentary sign for your garden. Please mail or fax the completed application to: Texas Discovery Gardens Butterfly Habitat Program P.O. Box 152537 Dallas, Texas 75315 Fax (214) 428-5338 www.TexasDiscoveryGardens.org Applications will be reviewed for diversity of plant material & general landscape conditions that provide a healthy environment for the entire life cycle of a diversity of butterfly species. Signs will be mailed out within three weeks of application and payment ($35). The mission of Texas Discovery Gardens is to teach effective ways to restore, conserve and preserve nature in an urban setting, with a focus on gardening organically and sustainably. Texas Discovery Gardens is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization supported in part by funds from the Dallas Park and Recreation Department. 3