Download 11.1 in Text, Heart Anatomy and Blood Flow PowerPoint

HEART ANATOMY &
FUNCTION OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Unit 11.1 in Text
Vocabulary Need to Know
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Aorta
Aortic Valve
Atrioventricular (AV valves)
Cardiac Output
Diastole
Endocardium
Epicardium
Inferior Vena Cava
Tricuspid Valve
Vasoconstriction
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Interatrial Septum
Interventricular Septu
Mitral Valve
Myocardium
Papillary muscle
Semilunar Valves
Stroke Volume
Superior Vena Cava
Systole
Vasodilation
Lesson Objectives
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Describe the function of the cardiovascular system.
Describe the location, size, and structures of the
heart.
Outline the flow of blood through the
cardiopulmonary system.
Describe how the blood flows from the arteries to
the veins.
Introduction
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Cardiovascular system AKA Circulatory System
 Transports
oxygen, hormones, other nutrients to cells
 Rids the body of carbon dioxide and other metabolic
waste
 Regulates body temperature
 Assists with immune function
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Has 3 parts
 Heart
(pump)
 Blood Vessels (network of pipes)
 Blood (fluid)
Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation
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Vasodilation
 Increase
in the diameter of the blood vessels
(expansion)
 Increases
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blood flow
Vasoconstriction
 Decrease
in the diameter of the blood vessels
 Decreases
blood flow
Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation
Heart: Location and Size
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Normally beats 72-82 bpm
Approx. 3 Billion beats per lifetime
Fatigue resistant
About the size of a clenched fist
Located in the thoracic cavity, more specifically in the
mediastinum, under the breastbone
Centered in the chest and tilted slightly to the left
Lungs are on either side
Sits on top of the diaphragm
Base of heart is closer to the neck
Apex (bottom) of heart is at 5th rib and points toward
left hip
Heart: Location and Size
Heart: Location and Size
Heart Chambers
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Four Chambers
 Right
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Atrium
 Right Ventricle
 Left Atrium
 Left Ventricle
Interatrial Septum
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Seperates the right and left atria
Interventricular Septum
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Divides right and left ventricles
Much thicker than interatrial septum
Septal walls prevent oxygen rich blood from mixing with oxygen
poor blood
Blood Flow Through Chambers
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Inferior Vena Cava & Superior Vena Cava deliver
deoxygenated blood to right atrium
Right atria
Right Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Lungs
Lungs
Left Atrium
Left Atrium
Body, through the Aorta
Simultaneous Ventricular Contraction
How could this explain the size and layout of the
heart?
Heart Anatomy
Heart Valves
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Four Valves
Atrioventricular (AV)
 Located
between the atria and the ventricles
 When open, allow blood flow from atria to ventricles
 When closed, prevent back flow
 Tricuspid Valve
 Three
Cusps/Flaps
 Between Right Atrium and Ventricle
 Bicuspid/Mitral
 Two
Valve
Flaps
 Between Left Atrium and Ventricle
Heart Valves
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Flaps are connected to papillary muscles by the
chordae tendineae
Prevents the flaps from swinging into the atria
If flaps swung the opposite way (think dog door)
then the backward flow would result in a heart
murmur
Heart Valves
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Semilunar Valves
 Let
blood flow from ventricles to lungs/body
 Do not need to be anchored, cusps/flaps brace each
other
 Pulmonary Valve
 Located
at the opening of the pulmonary artery on the
Right side of the heart
 Aortic
Valve
 Located
heart
at the opening of the aorta on the Left side of the
Blood Flow Through the Heart
Deoxygenated blood
enters the right atrium from
the inferior and superior
vena cava.
Oxygenated blood returns
to left atrium via
pulmonary veins
Blood collects in left atrium,
pressure increases, forcing
the mitral (AV) valve to
open
Collecting blood increases
the blood pressure against
Tricuspid valve, forcing it
open
Pulmonary artery carries
blood to lungs where it is
oxygenated
Left Ventricle fills passively
until atrial contraction
forces remaining blood in
Right ventricle fills
passively because of
pressure, then atrium
contracts, forcing remaining
blood into the ventricle
Right ventricle contracts,
and pressure increases,
forcing the tricuspid valve
to close and the pulmonary
valve to open, blood flows
into pulmonary artery
Left Ventricle contracts,
pressure increases, closing
mitral valve and opening
aortic valve
Blood Flow Animation
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA0Wb3gc4mE