Download of the heart

Anatomy & Physiology
CARDIOVASCULAR REVIEW
Define the following:
Endocarditis inflammation of the endocardium
Angina chest pain or discomfort due to the heart not getting enough oxygen
Infarct necrosis (or death) of the heart
Ischemia restriction of blood supply to tissues
Fibrillation rapid, unsynchronized, or irregular control of heart muscle fibers
Tachycardia high heart rate
Bradycardia low heart rate
Congestive heart failure heart is unable to pump for the body’s need due to a fluid build up in
various organs
Pulmonary edema fluid in the lungs
Varicose veins swollen and twisted veins due to jobs that require continuous standing or
genetics
Thrombophlebitis inflammation of a vein with a blood clot formation
Hypotension low blood pressure
Hypertension high blood pressure
Atherosclerosis thickening of the arterial walls due to fatty deposits (plaque)
Coronary artery disease most common type of heart disease; caused by atherosclerosis
(13 points) Label the following diagram, using the key below.
Mitral Valve
Left Ventricle
Aorta
Superior Vena Cava
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Veins
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Pulmonary Artery
Inferior Vena Cava
Pulmonary Valve (Semi-Lunar)
1
8
2
9
3
10
4
11
5
12
6
7
1. Aorta *
7. Inferior Vena Cava
2. Superior Vena Cava
8. Pulmonary Artery
3. Pulmonary Valve (Semi-Lunar)
9. Pulmonary Veins
4. Right Atrium
10. Left Atrium
5. Tricuspid Valve
11. Mitral Valve/Bicuspid
6. Right Ventricle
12. Left Ventricle
Place a * next to the LARGEST artery of the human body.
Answer the following questions.
a. What is the difference between the pulmonary and systemic pathways of blood?
Pulmonary: Blood from heart to lungs; Systemic: Blood from heart to body
b. What is the function of valves?
Allow blood to flow in one direction (prevent backflow)
c. What is the SA Node also known as?
Pacemaker
Name the locations of the following (be as specific as possible).
Structure
Location
Tricuspid Valve
Between Right Atrium & Right Ventricle
Bicuspid Valve
Between Left Atrium & Left Ventricle
Aortic Valve
Base of Aorta
SA Node
Under Epicardium
AV Node
Under Endocardium
Name and define the factors that regulate the heart rate.
ANS: autonomic nervous system- stress
Hormones & ions: changes or imbalances (K+, Na+, etc)
Physical factors: temperature, age, gender
What happens to the blood vessels when a person smokes cigarettes? What does this cause in the person?
BVs constrict causing the BP to rise
Complete the following chart about blood vessels (fill in the blanks).
Blood Vessel
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Structure
Function
Tunica interna, media &
externa; thick smooth
muscle; no valves
Take blood away from heart
Tunica interna, media &
externa; thin smooth muscle;
valves
Take blood to heart
Smallest BVs with the thinnest
walls
Diffusion, osmosis, facilitated
diffusion
Complete the following chart comparing and contrasting heart rate and blood pressure by indicating if HR or BP goes
up (↑) or down (↓).
Event
Heart Rate
Blood Pressure
↓
↓
↑
↑
Person is resting
Person is standing
Name 2 health risks of high blood pressure.
Stroke, heart attack, kidney disease
Name the three layers of blood vessels.
Tunica Interna, Tunica Media, Tunica Externa
Answer the following as true (T) or false (F).
_T___ 1. Systolic pressure is the maximum force (or pressure) within the ventricles when the contract.
_T___ 2. An ECG is the same thing as an EKG.
_T___ 3. The volume of blood is about 8% of a person’s body weight.
_F___ 4. Blood pressure increases when a person becomes dehydrated.
_F___ 5. Blood pressure decreases as blood viscosity increases.
_T___ 6. Peripheral resistance of blood and blood vessels affects blood pressure.
_T___7. Hormones, diet, temperature and the kidneys can influence blood pressure.
_F___ 8. A pulse is the result of a vein contracting and relaxing near the skin’s surface.
_T___ 9. Varicose veins tend to occur in people who have jobs where they stand often, but also may be genetic.
_F___ 10. Veins have more smooth muscle than arteries.
_T___ 11. If a body structure (organ) requires a lot of oxygen, there will be a lot of capillaries present.
_F___ 12. A stethoscope is the main instrument doctors use to determine blood pressure.
_T___ 13. A heart murmur is the result of a leaky valve.
_T___ 14. The function of the cardiovascular system is to transport oxygen and nutrients while circulating blood.
_F___ 15. A person goes to the doctor for a physical. During this appointment, the doctor checks the patient’s vital
signs. These should include: blood pressure, pulse, body temperature, and weight & height.
_T___ 16. The autonomic nervous system regulates the heart.
_T___ 17. The heart is divided by a septum.