Download Qal Active Participle

LAN 405 BEGINNING
HEBREW II
Class V: Qal Participle (ch. 22)
Dr. Esa Autero
Qal Participle
1.1 Introduction
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English participle
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Add “-ing” to a verb: sitting, seeing etc.
Participle is a verbal adjective
Hebrew participle has
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Stem (Qal, nipf, piel etc.)
Voice (active or passive)
Number and gender (sg./pl & masc.fem.)
May be used attributively: “the sleeping student”
Predicatively: “the student is sleeping”
Substantively: “The one who studies”
Qal Participle
2.1 Formation of Hebrew Participle

Strong verb paradigm
Active Participle
Masc.
Fem.
Fem.
Singular
Plural
‫קֹ טֵ ל‬
‫קֹ טֶֶ֫ לֶ ת‬
‫קֹ ְטלָ ה‬
‫קֹ ְט ִלים‬
‫קֹ ְטלֹות‬
‫־‬
‫קֹ טֵ ל‬
Inflectional endings
Masc.
Fem.
Fem.
Singular
Plural
‫־‬
‫ֶת‬
‫ָה‬
‫ִים‬
‫ֹות‬
‫־‬
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Feminine has two separate endings
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Participles inflected only for gender and number – not person
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Holem in the 1st syllabus diagnostic for Qal act. participle [Holem-Tsere]
Qal Participle
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Qal Active Participle: Weak Verbs
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In Qal all I-Guttural, I-‫נ‬, and I-‫ י‬and Geminate verbs follow strong pattern
Pts.
Singular
Plural
Masc.
‫עֹֹ ֵמד‬
‫עֹֹ ֶ֫ ֶמ ֶדת‬
‫עֹֹ ְמ ָדה‬
‫עֹֹ ְמ ִדים‬
‫עֹֹ ְמדֹות‬
‫־‬
Pts.
Singular
Plural
Masc.
‫יֹ ֵשב‬
‫יֹ ֶֶ֫שבֶ ת‬
‫יֹ ְשבָ ה‬
‫יֹ ְש ִבים‬
‫יֹ ְשבֹות‬
‫־‬
Fem.
Fem.
Fem.
Fem.
Pts.
Singular
Plural
Masc.
‫נֹפֵ ל‬
‫נ ֶ֫ ֶֹפלֶ ת‬
‫נ ְֹפלָ ה‬
‫נ ְֹפ ִלים‬
‫נ ְֹפלֹות‬
‫־‬
Pts.
Singular
Plural
Masc.
‫סֹ בֵ ב‬
‫סֹ ֶ֫ ֶבבֶ ת‬
‫סֹ ְבבָ ה‬
‫סֹ ְב ִבים‬
‫סֹ ְבבֹות‬
‫־‬
Fem.
Fem.
Fem.
Fem.
Qal Participle
Changes in all other weak verb patterns
1) II-Guttural Verbs
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Pts.
Singular
Plural
Masc.
‫בֹחֵ ר‬
‫בֹחֶֶ֫ ֶרת‬
‫בֹחֲ ָרה‬
‫בֹחֲ ִרים‬
‫בֹחֲ רֹות‬
‫־‬
Fem.
Fem.

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Pts.
Singular
Plural
Masc.
‫שֹאֵֹל‬
ֹ
‫שֹאֶֶֹ֫לֶ ת‬
ֹ
‫שֹאֲֹלָ ה‬
ֹ
‫שאֲֹ ִלים‬
ֹֹ
‫שאֲֹלֹות‬
ֹֹ
‫־‬
Fem.
Fem.
Note the Holem-Tsere vowel pattern
Hateph Pathach instead of Shewa
Qal Participle
2) III-‫ע‬/‫ח‬Verbs
Pts.
Singular
Plural
Masc.
ֹ ֵ‫שֹל‬
‫ח‬
‫ש ֶֹ֫לחת‬
‫שֹלחָ ה‬
‫ש ְֹל ִחים‬
‫ש ְֹלחֹות‬
‫־‬
Fem.
Fem.
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Gutturals prefer a-class vowels
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Note the Furtive Pathach
Pts.
Singular
Plural
Masc.
ֹ ֵֹ‫שֹמ‬
‫ע‬
‫שֹמֶֹ֫עֹת‬
‫שֹמְֹעָֹה‬
‫שֹמְֹעִֹים‬
‫ֹמעֹות‬
ְֹ ‫ש‬
‫־‬
Fem.
Fem.
Qal Participle
3) III-‫א‬Verbs
Pts.
Singular
Plural
Masc.
‫מֹצֵֹא‬
‫מֹצֵֹאת‬
‫מֹצְֹאָֹה‬
‫מֹצְֹאִֹים‬
‫מֹצְֹאֹות‬
‫־‬
Fem.
Fem.

Aleph is quiescent
Qal Participle
4) III-‫ ה‬Verbs
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Pts.
Singular
Plural
Fem.
‫ֹבנֶה‬
‫ֹבנָה‬
‫בֹנִ יָה‬
‫בֹנִ ים‬
‫בֹנֹות‬
‫־‬
Singular
Plural
‫קָֹם‬
‫ָק ָמה‬
‫ָק ִמים‬
‫ָקמֹות‬
Final root consonant ‫ ה‬is lost Masc.
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Presence of mater lectionis
Fem.
5) Biconsonantal Verbs
 Lacks diagnostic Holem
 Memorize paradigm!
Pts.
Masc.
Identical to Qal pf. 3ms
Fem.
 Identical to Qal pf. 3fs
 Context (and accent) as clues to identification
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Qal Participle
2.2 The Use and Meaning of Qal Active Participle
1) Attributive use
 Participle modifies a noun – attributive use
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“sleeping giant” “running water”
The participle comes after the noun it modifies
Participle must match noun in gender, number, and definiteness
Translate as “the giant who is sleeping” “the water that is running”
‫הָֹעָֹם היֹ ֵשב בָֹאָֹרֶֹץ‬
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The people who dwell (who are dwelling) in the land (Num 13:28)
ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹ‫המלְֹאְָֹך הדֹבֵ ר ִבי‬
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The angel who was speaking with me (Zech 2:2)
Qal Participle
2) Predicative Use
 The participle asserts something about the noun
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“The giant is sleeping” “the water is running”
Adjective matches the noun in gender and number but not in definiteness
Participle never takes the definite article – participle usually follows noun
Participle is “tenseless” – tense comes from the context
ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹ‫וְהָ הָ רֹ ֹבֹעֵֹרֹבָֹאֵֹש‬
And the mountain was burning with fire (Deut 4:11)
ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹ‫שכֵב ְבהֵ יכל‬
ֹ ֹ‫ּושמּואֵֹל‬
ְ
And Samuel was lying down in (the) temple (1 Sam 3:3)
Qal Participle
3) Substantive Use
 Participle used independently as a noun – “one who” performs a
certain action
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Participle behaves like a noun
May function as a subject or object, take definite article, be in construct
chain, and take suffixes or prepositional prefixes
‫יֹושבֶ ת בגנִ ים‬
ֶ ‫ה‬
The one who dwells in the gardens (Song of Songs 8:13)
ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹ‫שֹומר י ְִשרָֹאֵֹל‬
ֵ
‫ְל ֹא יִישָֹן‬
ֹ‫ו‬
And the One who keeps Israel will not sleep (Ps 121:4)
Qal Participle
2.3 The Formation of Qal Passive Participle
 Passive participle – add helping verb “be” + “ing” in translation
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“being killed” “being written”
Passive participle paradigm
Pts.
Singular
Plural
Masc.
‫ָקטּול‬
‫ְקטּולָ ה‬
‫טּולים‬
ִ ‫ְק‬
‫ְקטּולֹות‬
Fem.

Pts.
Masc.
Fem.
Singular
Plural
‫־‬
‫ָה‬
‫ִים‬
‫ֹות‬
Diagnostic feature of pass. part. = Qamets-Shureq
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Vocal Shewa on 1st root consonant (fs, mp, fp)
I-Gutturals have Hateph pathach
‫ָקטּו‬
Qal Participle
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Some examples – only masc. sg. form
‫עָֹוזּוב‬
‫ָשנּוא‬
‫שָֹאּול‬
‫ָשחּוט‬
‫אָֹכּול‬
Abandoned
Hated
Asked
Slaughtered
Eaten
ֹ ָ‫פ‬
‫תּוח‬
ֹ‫יָדּוע‬
ֹ‫נָטּוע‬
‫אָֹרּור‬
‫ָֹיעּוץ‬
Opened
Known
Planted
Cursed
Advised
Qal Participle
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III-‫ ה‬passive participle have a unique form
 ֹ‫ י‬stands in the place of third root consonant
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E.g. ‫ נְ טּויָה‬is fs. Qal. Pass. Pt. of ‫( נָטָ ה‬to stretch out)
Pts.
Singular
Plural
Masc.
‫בָ נּוי‬
‫ְבנּויָה‬
‫ְבנּויִים‬
‫ְבנּויֹות‬
Fem.
Qal Participle
2.4 The Use of Qal. Passive Participle
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Used like Active participle (attributively, predicatively, substantively)
1) Attributive use
 Participle follows noun it modifies and agrees in gender, number,
and definitiveness
ֹֹֹֹֹֹ‫ּתֹורהֹהזֶ ה‬
ָ ‫ה ְב ִריתֹהכְ תּובָ ה ְבסֶ פֶ רֹה‬
The covenant written in this book of the law (Deut 29:20)
‫חֹומהֹה ְפרּוצָ ה‬
ָ ‫ויִ בֶֹן אֶֹת־כָל־ה‬
(and) he (re)built all of the broken wall (2 Chr 32:5)
Qal Participle
2) Predicative usage
 Participle either precedes or follows the noun it modifies and agrees
in gender and number (not definiteness)
‫בָ רּוְך יְהוָהֹלְֹאֹולָֹם‬
Blessed is the LORD forever (Ps 89:53/2)
ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹ‫בָ רּוְךֹהגֶבֶ רֹאֲֹ ֶשרֹי ְִבטחֹביהוָה‬
Blessed in the man who trusts in the LORD (Jer 17:7)
Qal Participle
3) Substantive use
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Participles used independently as nouns; “one who” performs a
certain action – behaves like a noun
ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹ‫ֹרֹל ְפנֵיֹאֲֹרֹון יְהוָה‬
ִ ‫וְהֶ חָ לּוץ יֹ ֲעֹב‬
And the one equipped (for battle) will pass before the ark of the
LORD (Josh 6:7)
ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹ‫וְתחתֹהֲ רּוגִ ים יִפֹ לּו‬
And they will fall among the slain ones (Isa 10:4)
Qal Participle
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Participles with prefixes and suffixes
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E.g. definite article, prepositional prefixes, pronominal suffixes
ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹ‫ההֹ לְֵֹך ב ָש ֶדה‬
The one who walks in the field (Gen 24:65)
ֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹֹ‫ְלש ְֹמ ֵרי ְב ִריתֹו‬
To those who keep his covenant (Ps 103:18)
‫אֲֹנִ יֹיְהוָהֹרֹפְֹאֶָֹך‬
I am the LORD who heals you (Ex 15:26)
‫דעֵֹי טֹובֹוָרָֹע‬
ְֹ ֹ‫י‬
Knowing good and evil (Gen 3:5)
Qal Participle
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Practice
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Workbook p. 179, no: 2-6
p. 180, no: 1-3
Homework
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See next class’ ppts (Class VI)